Typical waveguides rely on total internal reflection between the outer surfaces of substrates, which can make them highly susceptible to beam misalignment caused by nonplanarity of the substrates. In the manufacturing of the glass sheets commonly used for substrates, ripples can occur during the stretching and drawing of glass as it emerges from a furnace. Although glass manufacturers try to minimize ripples using predictions from mathematical models, it is difficult to totally eradicate the problem from the glass manufacturing process. Typically, these beam misalignments manifest themselves as image distortions and non-uniformities in the output illumination from the waveguide. Many embodiments of the invention are directed toward optically efficient, low cost solutions to the problem of controlling output image quality in waveguides manufactured using commercially available substrate glass and to the problem of compensating the image distortions and non-uniformity of curved waveguides.

Typical waveguides rely on total internal reflection between the outer surfaces of substrates, which can make them highly susceptible to beam misalignment caused by nonplanarity of the substrates. In the manufacturing of the glass sheets commonly used for substrates, ripples can occur during the stretching and drawing of glass as it emerges from a furnace. Although glass manufacturers try to minimize ripples using predictions from mathematical models, it is difficult to totally eradicate the problem from the glass manufacturing process. Typically, these beam misalignments manifest themselves as image distortions and non-uniformities in the output illumination from the waveguide. Many embodiments of the invention are directed toward optically efficient, low cost solutions to the problem of controlling output image quality in waveguides manufactured using commercially available substrate glass and to the problem of compensating the image distortions and non-uniformity of curved waveguides.

One example includes an injection-molded component comprising a surface surrounded by peripheral edges and which is formed via an injection-molding process. The surface includes a three-dimensional surface feature to render the surface as being non-planar across at least a portion of the surface. The surface also includes a plurality of holographic micro-features formed across the surface and being to interact with ambient light to provide a holographic image corresponding to an authentication mark associated with the injection-molded component.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a hologram structure having excellent forgery preventability and designability. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a hologram structure comprising: a hologram layer including a reflection type hologram forming region carrying a recorded phase type Fourier transform hologram that transforms an incident light from a point light source into a desired optical image; and a vapor deposition layer formed so as to come into contact with a concavo-convex surface of the reflection type hologram forming region of the hologram layer, and a size of the reflection type hologram forming region in plan view is in a range of 5 mm square or more and 50 mm square or less.

The present disclosure provides a holographic display device including: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, wherein a display screen disposed on the first substrate, and the display surface of the display screen faces the second substrate; and four trapezoidal holographic plates, wherein the upper side edge of each trapezoidal holographic plate is movably connected to the first substrate, the lower side edge of each trapezoidal holographic plate is movably connected to the second substrate; wherein the holographic display device has a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, four trapezoidal holographic plates enclose a four-sided prismoid structure and are supported between the first substrate and the second substrate; in the second state, the first substrate and the second substrate are stacked, and four trapezoidal holographic plates are unfolded to be in the same plane and stacked between the first substrate and the second substrate. The holographic display device provided by the present disclosure can realize miniaturization and improve portability.

Typical waveguides rely on total internal reflection between the outer surfaces of substrates, which can make them highly susceptible to beam misalignment caused by nonplanarity of the substrates. In the manufacturing of the glass sheets commonly used for substrates, ripples can occur during the stretching and drawing of glass as it emerges from a furnace. Although glass manufacturers try to minimize ripples using predictions from mathematical models, it is difficult to totally eradicate the problem from the glass manufacturing process. Typically, these beam misalignments manifest themselves as image distortions and non-uniformities in the output illumination from the waveguide. Many embodiments of the invention are directed toward optically efficient, low cost solutions to the problem of controlling output image quality in waveguides manufactured using commercially available substrate glass and to the problem of compensating the image distortions and non-uniformity of curved waveguides.

The present disclosure provides a holographic display device including: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, wherein a display screen disposed on the first substrate, and the display surface of the display screen faces the second substrate; and four trapezoidal holographic plates, wherein the upper side edge of each trapezoidal holographic plate is movably connected to the first substrate, the lower side edge of each trapezoidal holographic plate is movably connected to the second substrate; wherein the holographic display device has a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, four trapezoidal holographic plates enclose a four-sided prismoid structure and are supported between the first substrate and the second substrate; in the second state, the first substrate and the second substrate are stacked, and four trapezoidal holographic plates are unfolded to be in the same plane and stacked between the first substrate and the second substrate. The holographic display device provided by the present disclosure can realize miniaturization and improve portability.

An illumination apparatus includes a light source, a light guide plate, and an adjacent layer. The light guide plate includes a first surface, a second surface facing the first surface, and plural light exit portions provided on one of the first and second surfaces. The light guide plate guides therethrough a beam of light incident upon one of the first and second surfaces while reflecting the beam between the first and second surfaces. The light guide plate redirects the beam incident upon any one of the plural light exit portions so as to cause the beam to exit the light guide plate. The adjacent layer provided adjacent to at least one of the first and second surfaces has a lower refractive index than that of the light guide plate and increases a critical angle compared to that observed when air exists instead of the adjacent layer.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a hologram structure having excellent forgery preventability and designability. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a hologram structure comprising: a hologram layer including a reflection type hologram forming region carrying a recorded phase type Fourier transform hologram that transforms an incident light from a point light source into a desired optical image; and a vapor deposition layer formed so as to come into contact with a concavo-convex surface of the reflection type hologram forming region of the hologram layer, and a size of the reflection type hologram forming region in plan view is in a range of 5 mm square or more and 50 mm square or less.

A case having the appearance of 3D design elements embedded therein. The case generally comprises a back panel which incorporates a plurality of layers with impressions or recesses formed thereon. When aligned, the impressions create an optical illusion as if actual objects are embedded in the back panel of the case where no actual object is present. And a method of producing an optical illusion of embedded design elements in a case including the steps of forming a first panel with at least one first impression formed on a first side of the first panel, applying a reflective coating to the at least one first impression, forming a second panel, and joining the second panel to the first side of the first panel.