An actuator apparatus includes a pair of substrates facing each other; a plurality of bias actuators that each vary a gap dimension of a gap between the pair of substrates; a gap detection portion that detects the gap dimension; and a voltage control unit that controls driving of each of the bias actuators on the basis of the detected gap dimension. The bias actuators are located asymmetric relative to a driving central axis and are mutually independently driven; and the voltage control unit derives driving parameters for use in driving the bias actuators, on the basis of voltages and gap dimensions obtained by sequentially switching and driving the bias actuators on by one.

An actuator apparatus includes a pair of substrates facing each other; a plurality of bias actuators that each vary a gap dimension of a gap between the pair of substrates; a gap detection portion that detects the gap dimension; and a voltage control unit that controls driving of each of the bias actuators on the basis of the detected gap dimension. The bias actuators are located asymmetric relative to a driving central axis and are mutually independently driven; and the voltage control unit derives driving parameters for use in driving the bias actuators, on the basis of voltages and gap dimensions obtained by sequentially switching and driving the bias actuators on by one.

A control system configured to control a parameter of a dynamic system, wherein the parameter depends on an output signal. The control system comprises a set-point generator and a feedforward, wherein the set-point generator is arranged to provide a set-point signal to the feedforward. The feedforward is arranged to provide the output signal based on the set-point signal, wherein the feedforward is arranged to perform a non-linear operation on the set-point signal. The non-linear operation is based on a non-linear functional relationship between the output signal and the parameter.

A control system configured to control a parameter of a dynamic system, wherein the parameter depends on an output signal. The control system comprises a set-point generator and a feedforward, wherein the set-point generator is arranged to provide a set-point signal to the feedforward. The feedforward is arranged to provide the output signal based on the set-point signal, wherein the feedforward is arranged to perform a non-linear operation on the set-point signal. The non-linear operation is based on a non-linear functional relationship between the output signal and the parameter.

An atherectomy system includes a drive mechanism that is adapted to rotatably actuate an atherectomy burr and a controller that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism. In some cases, the drive mechanism includes a drive cable that is coupled with the atherectomy burr and a drive motor that is adapted to rotate the drive cable. The controller is adapted to receive an indication of an increase in torque experienced at the atherectomy burr and is further adapted to, in response, regulate operation of the drive mechanism such that the increase in torque results in a noticeable reduction in speed of the drive mechanism such that a user of the atherectomy system notices the reduction in speed and is alerted to the increase in torque.

An operating table and a method for an operating table are disclosed. The operating table has an adjustable component, a drive device that adjusts the adjustable component, and a first sensor that detects a position of the adjustable component. The operating table also has a second sensor that detects the position of the adjustable component and a controller that controls the drive device. The controller operates in a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode of the controller, the first sensor is activated and the drive device is energized. In the second operating mode of the controller, the second sensor is activated and the drive device is de-energized The controller changes from the second operating mode to the first operating mode when the second sensor detects a change of the position of the adjustable component.

The present invention relates to a method of controlling a concentration of a first component of a rectification column for separating a binary mixture of the first component with a second component on the basis of temperature measurements, wherein a control path defined by temperature sensors (T3, T2, T6) arranged in the longitudinal direction of the column is linearized with the aid of an estimated temperature profile, wherein a real temperature profile T*(h), determined by means of the temperature sensors, is approximated by a function T(h) in dependence on a column height h, wherein the column id divided into two sections along the column height h and the function T(h) is defined section by section on the basis, in each case, of a logistical function.

For analytic-based control of energy consumption, an appliance module receives an appliance identifier of an appliance connected to a power outlet, a selection module selects a power model for the power outlet based on the appliance identifier, the power model designating times that the power outlet is to be powered and times that the power outlet is to be unpowered, a usage module receives energy usage data for a power outlet, a presence module receives user presence data for a locale containing the power outlet, a update module modifies a power model for the power outlet based on the energy usage data and the user presence data, and a power control module selectively provides electrical power to the power outlet according to the power schedule.

For analytic-based control of energy consumption, an appliance module receives an appliance identifier of an appliance connected to a power outlet, a selection module selects a power model for the power outlet based on the appliance identifier, the power model designating times that the power outlet is to be powered and times that the power outlet is to be unpowered, a usage module receives energy usage data for a power outlet, a presence module receives user presence data for a locale containing the power outlet, a update module modifies a power model for the power outlet based on the energy usage data and the user presence data, and a power control module selectively provides electrical power to the power outlet according to the power schedule.

An actuator apparatus includes a pair of substrates facing each other; a plurality of bias actuators that each vary a gap dimension of a gap between the pair of substrates; a gap detection portion that detects the gap dimension; and a voltage control unit that controls driving of each of the bias actuators on the basis of the detected gap dimension. The bias actuators are located asymmetric relative to a driving central axis and are mutually independently driven; and the voltage control unit derives driving parameters for use in driving the bias actuators, on the basis of voltages and gap dimensions obtained by sequentially switching and driving the bias actuators on by one.