A vacuum adsorption system includes a cylinder including a cylinder block, a piston, and a piston rod mounted in the cylinder block, and a vacuum pressure control device controlling a vacuum pressure in an inner cavity of the cylinder block. The piston rod has a vacuum suction hole communicating with the inner cavity. The vacuum pressure in the inner cavity is controlled so that a contact force applied by the piston rod on an object adsorbed by the vacuum suction hole of the piston rod is less than or equal to a predetermined contact force.

A method and system for compensating for stiction of a control valve in a pneumatically controlled valve system. A digital twin model of the pneumatically controlled valve system is generated. A current segment of data signals is received from a process measurement device connected to the pneumatically controlled valve system. Operation of the pneumatically controlled valve system is monitored by comparing the current segment to the digital twin model. Stiction is detected when the digital twin model directly detects stiction or when the nonlinearity and Gaussian index are above a certain threshold. A severity of the stiction is determined. Instructions for a stiction control device are used to generate control signals to be applied to the actuator to compensate for the severity of the stiction. Further, the digital twin model is displayed with a representation of the severity of the stiction.

A trajectory planning unit for providing a trajectory as a command variable for a control unit for position control of an actuator member of an actuator, wherein the trajectory planning unit is adapted to provide the trajectory on the basis of a target position curve and to limit the trajectory according to at least one limit value comprising a velocity limit value, an acceleration limit value, a braking acceleration limit value and/or a jerk limit value. The trajectory planning unit is adapted to provide the trajectory according to at least one specification value which can be specified, the specification value including an initial velocity value, a final velocity value, an initial acceleration value and/or a final acceleration value.

A trajectory planning unit for providing a trajectory as a command variable for a control unit for position control of an actuator member of an actuator, wherein the trajectory planning unit is adapted to provide the trajectory on the basis of a target position curve and to limit the trajectory according to at least one limit value comprising a velocity limit value, an acceleration limit value, a braking acceleration limit value and/or a jerk limit value. The trajectory planning unit is adapted to provide the trajectory according to at least one specification value which can be specified, the specification value including an initial velocity value, a final velocity value, an initial acceleration value and/or a final acceleration value.

Milling tool head assemblies, remote control systems, and portable machine tools including the same. A milling tool head assembly comprises a milling tool head carriage, a milling tool head with a milling tool head base pivotally coupled to the milling tool head carriage, and a milling tool carrier operatively coupled to a cutting tool. The milling tool carrier is configured to travel along a primary tool path, and the milling tool carrier is slidingly coupled to the milling tool head base to define a secondary tool path of the milling tool carrier. In some examples, a portable machine tool comprises a machine frame, a rotating ring, a bridge, a facing tool head assembly, and a milling tool head assembly. In some examples, a remote control system for a portable machine tool comprises an operator pendant, a control tether, a pneumatic conditioning unit, and an auxiliary conditioning unit.

A system includes a processor. The processor estimates a pattern of a flow of a mixture of drilling fluid and cuttings in an annulus of a wellbore. The flow is estimated as a stationary bed flow, a dispersed flow, or a transitional flow relative to the stationary bed and dispersed flows. The processor estimates parameters based on the estimated pattern of the flow, and determines a plurality of dimensionless parameters including a first dimensionless parameter corresponding to an effect of turbulence on the flow and a second dimensionless parameter corresponding to an effect of gravity on the flow, based on the estimated parameters. The processor characterizes the pattern of the flow as the stationary bed flow, the dispersed flow, or the transitional flow, based on the dimensionless parameters, and models the flow based on the estimated pattern if it is determined that the characterized pattern matches the estimated pattern.

A system includes a processor. The processor estimates a pattern of a flow of a mixture of drilling fluid and cuttings in an annulus of a wellbore. The flow is estimated as a stationary bed flow, a dispersed flow, or a transitional flow relative to the stationary bed and dispersed flows. The processor estimates parameters based on the estimated pattern of the flow, and determines a plurality of dimensionless parameters including a first dimensionless parameter corresponding to an effect of turbulence on the flow and a second dimensionless parameter corresponding to an effect of gravity on the flow, based on the estimated parameters. The processor characterizes the pattern of the flow as the stationary bed flow, the dispersed flow, or the transitional flow, based on the dimensionless parameters, and models the flow based on the estimated pattern if it is determined that the characterized pattern matches the estimated pattern.

A method and system for compensating for stiction of a control valve in a pneumatically controlled valve system. A digital twin model of the pneumatically controlled valve system is generated. A current segment of data signals is received from a process measurement device connected to the pneumatically controlled valve system. Operation of the pneumatically controlled valve system is monitored by comparing the current segment to the digital twin model. Stiction is detected when the digital twin model directly detects stiction or when the nonlinearity and Gaussian index are above a certain threshold. A severity of the stiction is determined. Instructions for a stiction control device are used to generate control signals to be applied to the actuator to compensate for the severity of the stiction. Further, the digital twin model is displayed with a representation of the severity of the stiction.

The pneumatic solar tracking system for solar panels adjusts the angular orientation of a solar panel to maximize exposure of an upper surface of the solar panel to incident solar radiation from the sun as the sun moves across the sky. The pneumatic solar tracking system includes a base and a platform supported above the base. The platform has an opening formed therein. A plurality of pneumatic actuators are supported on the base beneath the opening formed in the platform. The solar panel is supported on an upper surface of the platform, and a plurality of pivotal connectors pivotally connect the lower surface of the solar panel to respective pistons of the plurality of pneumatic actuators. Each of the pivotal connectors pivots along at least two orthogonal axes. An optical sensor is provided for detecting and tracking the angular position of the sun.

The pneumatic solar tracking system for solar panels adjusts the angular orientation of a solar panel to maximize exposure of an upper surface of the solar panel to incident solar radiation from the sun as the sun moves across the sky. The pneumatic solar tracking system includes a base and a platform supported above the base. The platform has an opening formed therein. A plurality of pneumatic actuators are supported on the base beneath the opening formed in the platform. The solar panel is supported on an upper surface of the platform, and a plurality of pivotal connectors pivotally connect the lower surface of the solar panel to respective pistons of the plurality of pneumatic actuators. Each of the pivotal connectors pivots along at least two orthogonal axes. An optical sensor is provided for detecting and tracking the angular position of the sun.