A control device configured to control an industrial machine, the control device having: a plurality of memories including a first memory configured to hold data when a power supply is off and a second memory configured to inhibit data from being held when the power supply is off; and circuitry configured to: set, in each of a plurality of data units, an attribute indicating whether the data unit is to be held when the power supply is off; and set an address of each data unit such that each data unit is stored in one of the plurality of memories corresponding to the attribute.

A power supply circuit in a PLC includes a first node that receives a DC voltage with a first level, a second node that outputs a voltage for driving a control unit, wiring connecting the first and second nodes, a first rectifier on the wiring having a forward direction from the first node to the second node, a charger for charging and discharging, a first converter that converts a discharging voltage from the charger into a DC voltage with a second level lower than the first level and outputs the voltage, and a second rectifier connected between an output of the first converter and the second node to have a forward direction from the first converter to the second node.

A power supply circuit in a PLC includes a first node that receives a DC voltage with a first level, a second node that outputs a voltage for driving a control unit, wiring connecting the first and second nodes, a first rectifier on the wiring having a forward direction from the first node to the second node, a charger for charging and discharging, a first converter that converts a discharging voltage from the charger into a DC voltage with a second level lower than the first level and outputs the voltage, and a second rectifier connected between an output of the first converter and the second node to have a forward direction from the first converter to the second node.

In some embodiments, a PLC system includes a memory unit configured to back up user data stored in a MCU thereto when the power supply from the power module is interrupted, a capacitor configured to be charged by the power module and supply accumulated power to the memory unit when the power from the power module to the MCU is interrupted, a variable resistor unit configured to be coupled between the power module and the capacitor, and a switching unit configured to alternatively couple either the power module or the capacitor to the memory unit depending on a state of power being supplied from the power module. Some embodiments may provide advantages that a PLC system can supply much more power while reducing a charging period of time of an auxiliary power supply for supplying power with urgency when an abnormality occurs in a power module of the PLC system.

In one aspect, while a battery pack is charging, a computer-implemented method may include predicting an anode potential of the battery pack, and determining whether the anode potential satisfies a threshold condition. Responsive to determining that the anode potential satisfies the threshold condition, the method may include modifying a charging policy of a battery pack to adjust an anode potential offset, and controlling, based on the charging policy, charging of the battery pack to adjust the anode potential offset.

In some embodiments, a PLC system includes a memory unit configured to back up user data stored in a MCU thereto when the power supply from the power module is interrupted, a capacitor configured to be charged by the power module and supply accumulated power to the memory unit when the power from the power module to the MCU is interrupted, a variable resistor unit configured to be coupled between the power module and the capacitor, and a switching unit configured to alternatively couple either the power module or the capacitor to the memory unit depending on a state of power being supplied from the power module. Some embodiments may provide advantages that a

PLC system can supply much more power while reducing a charging period of time of an auxiliary power supply for supplying power with urgency when an abnormality occurs in a power module of the PLC system.

In one aspect, a computer-implemented method may include determining whether an anode potential offset of a battery pack has reached an upper threshold of a target range, responsive to determining that the anode potential offset of the battery pack has reached the upper threshold of the target range, receiving tear-down data associated with the battery pack, training, based on the tear-down data associated with the battery pack, cloud prediction models that are trained to predict a likelihood of occurrence of lithium plating associated with battery packs, and transmitting, to edge processors of fleet vehicles, parameters associated with the trained prediction models to cause the edge processors to train edge prediction models using the edge processors, wherein the edge processors modify a battery charging policy based on a prediction from the edge prediction models.

A power down circuitry for a controller of a process control system includes at least one buffer capacitor for buffering sufficient energy to complete a power down sequence; a power voter configured to select the at least one buffer capacitor as energy source in response to detection of power failure; non-volatile memory for retaining process data following the detection of power failure; and logic circuitry configured to coordinate transfer of the process data to the non-volatile memory during the power down sequence.

A power down circuitry for a controller of a process control system includes at least one energy storage device configured to store energy for a power down sequence; and at least one data storage device to store control application state data, wherein the power down circuitry is configured to detect power loss and, in response to the detection of power loss, to carry out the power down sequence, wherein the power down sequence comprises obtaining and storing the control application state data in the data storage device, wherein the power down circuitry is further configured to determine at least one reliability indicator for output to an operator of the process control system.

In one aspect, a computer-implemented method may include receiving, at a cloud-based computing system, historical data comprising (i) battery charging profiles associated with a fleet of vehicles comprising battery packs, (ii) geographical climate information associated with the fleet of vehicles, (iii) lithium plating prediction results associated with the fleet, or (iv) some combination thereof. The method includes training, using the historical data, lithium plating prediction models to predict a likelihood of occurrence of lithium plating for a battery pack, receiving, from an edge processor communicatively coupled to a battery pack, battery pack charging data, determining, using the models based on the battery pack charging data, the likelihood of occurrence, based on the likelihood of occurrence, modifying a battery charging policy for the battery pack, and transmitting the battery charging policy to cause the edge processor to control charging of the battery pack.