An execution environment for executing an event-oriented control program of a programmable logic controller, wherein the control program comprises a plurality of functional modules to be successively executed, is configured to execute the functional modules in an event-controlled manner on the occurrence of activation events that are each associated with the individual functional modules. In this respect, the individual activation events of the functional modules to be successively executed form an event chain. The execution environment comprises a monitoring module for monitoring an execution duration of the functional modules of the event chain, wherein the monitoring module is configured to check the execution duration for an exceeding of a predefined time duration.

A voltage measurement device includes: a plurality of voltage detection circuits which measure cell voltages of a plurality of cells connected in series. Each of the plurality of voltage detection circuits includes: a device address generating circuit which generates a device address according to a first address assignment command received from a preceding voltage detection circuit located at a preceding stage; and an address assignment command generating circuit which generates a second address assignment command according to the first address assignment command, and sends the second address assignment command to a next voltage detection circuit located at a next stage.

A voltage measurement device includes: a plurality of voltage detection circuits which measure cell voltages of a plurality of cells connected in series. Each of the plurality of voltage detection circuits includes: a device address generating circuit which generates a device address according to a first address assignment command received from a preceding voltage detection circuit located at a preceding stage; and an address assignment command generating circuit which generates a second address assignment command according to the first address assignment command, and sends the second address assignment command to a next voltage detection circuit located at a next stage.

A bus system has a daisy-chain configuration. The bus system includes a master unit and a plurality of slave units that are serially connected to the master unit downstream thereof via a line system. A first one of the slave units first connected downstream of the master unit is configured to invert a request signal, which is provided by the master unit and received via a first line section of the line system, and to output the inverted request signal on a second line section of the line system leading to an adjacent, second one of the slave units.

An execution environment for executing an event-oriented control program of a programmable logic controller, wherein the control program comprises a plurality of functional modules to be successively executed, is configured to execute the functional modules in an event-controlled manner on the occurrence of activation events that are each associated with the individual functional modules. In this respect, the individual activation events of the functional modules to be successively executed form an event chain. The execution environment comprises a monitoring module for monitoring an execution duration of the functional modules of the event chain, wherein the monitoring module is configured to check the execution duration for an exceeding of a predefined time duration.

A bus system has a daisy-chain configuration. The bus system includes a master unit and a plurality of slave units that are serially connected to the master unit downstream thereof via a line system. A first one of the slave units first connected downstream of the master unit is configured to invert a request signal, which is provided by the master unit and received via a first line section of the line system, and to output the inverted request signal on a second line section of the line system leading to an adjacent, second one of the slave units.

A transport system for linear movements includes at least two sensors configured to determine a position of one or more carriers along a carrier track. Each of the sensors are interconnected with each other and arranged in a daisy-chained manner along the carrier track. The sensors create a position sensor bus configured to transmit a digital position sensor signal. The transport system further includes a motion controller connected to the sensor bus and configured to control at least one position of the carriers along the carrier track.

A control device efficiently performs priority-dependent data transmission through a communication line and a control method aimed at the priority-dependent data transmission. The control device includes a transmitter that transmits data as a frame to another unit through the communication line and a generator that generates the data to be transmitted to another unit. When the higher-priority data to be transmitted is generated in a receiver or a controller while the transmitter transmits a first frame, the transmitter transmits a second frame including the higher-priority data to be transmitted after transmitting a first frame up to a predetermined block.