A system for determining remaining useful energy in an electric aircraft, the system including a computing device where the computing device is configured to measure a internal state datum of a battery as a function of at least a sensor, receive the internal state datum from the at least a sensor, generate a useful energy remaining datum as a function of the internal state datum and a battery model, and display the useful energy remaining datum to a user.

Systems and methods of improving storage and consumption of electricity according to time-based tiered criteria are disclosed. An energy storage system controlled by a processor is optionally connected to a utility power grid, a photovoltaic (PV) power source, and/or electrical loads. Time-of-use (TOU) rates (or similar tiered criteria) are input into the processor, which sets charge and discharge profiles according to the criteria, the arrangement of time windows, and the user's preferences. Energy is stored or discharged according to these profiles. Additionally, the energy storage system may record the production and consumption patterns of the user over time, and use this information to modify the profiles for enhanced performance by allowing discharge during non-peak windows. Benefits include reduced electrical cost to the user, reduced strain on the utility power grid during peak consumption hours, and enhanced performance with regard to any other criteria input into the processor.

A method for updating lower module information in a battery module structure in which an upper controller controls and manages a lower module configured of a plurality of battery modules and lower battery managers connected to each of the battery modules by communicating with each of the lower battery managers. The method includes when the lower module is additionally connected, recognizing, by the upper controller, the addition of the lower module by exchanging a message with the added lower module. The added lower module is registered by assigning a new unique ID to the added lower module by exchanging the message with the added lower module by the upper controller.

A selection apparatus according to an aspect of the disclosure includes a calculation unit configured to calculate, based on data correlated with power consumption of portable cold-energy equipment and data related to a set temperature of the cold-energy equipment, an amount of power consumption expected during transportation of the cold-energy equipment to a predetermined destination; and a selection unit configured to select, based on the amount of power consumption calculated by the calculator, a rechargeable battery to be mounted on the cold-energy equipment.

A multi-power distributed storage system including a first power source; a second power source electrically connected to a common bus with the first power source; a single input port inverter electrically connected to the common bus. The system including a controller configured to communicate with at least the second power source, and the single input port inverter. The second power source including a plurality of battery banks and a plurality of bi-directional DC/DC converters configured to charge and discharge the plurality of battery banks and provide DC to the single input port inverter.

Disclosed is a master battery management system (BMS) including: a transmission unit for transmitting a cell balancing start command signal and a temperature measurement command signal to a plurality of slave BMSs; a wired communication unit for transmitting a FAN ON signal to a plurality of fans after the transmission unit wirelessly transmits the cell balancing start command signal; a reception unit for receiving an association signal from an associated slave BMS having a difference in temperature of a printed circuit board (PCB) board of a corresponding slave BMS and a temperature of a PCB substrate of a corresponding slave BMS that is greater than a preset value; and a control unit for determining that the associated slave BMS is disposed in the same rack, and changing an ID and communication channel of the associated slave BMS to a specific value.

A system for determining remaining useful energy in an electric aircraft, the system including a computing device where the computing device is configured to measure a internal state datum of a battery as a function of at least a sensor, receive the internal state datum from the at least a sensor, generate a useful energy remaining datum as a function of the internal state datum and a battery model, and display the useful energy remaining datum to a user.

A system and a method for redox analysis. Upstream redox potentials are obtained from an upstream sensor apparatus in an upstream flow of an aqueous solution. Upstream chemical parameters are detected based on the upstream redox potentials. Downstream redox potentials are obtained from a downstream sensor apparatus. Each sensor apparatus measures redox potentials as a result of one or more reduced or oxidised chemical species in the aqueous solution. Instructions for processing of the downstream redox potentials are generated based on the detected upstream chemical parameter. The generated instructions instructing to test whether the downstream redox potentials indicate a successive downstream chemical parameter, wherein the successive downstream chemical parameter has evolved in a known chemical manner from the detected upstream chemical parameter. The one or more downstream redox potentials are processed based on the generated instructions.

A multi-power distributed storage system including a first power source; a second power source electrically connected to a common bus with the first power source; a single input port inverter electrically connected to the common bus. The system including a controller configured to communicate with at least the second power source, and the single input port inverter. The second power source including a plurality of battery banks and a plurality of bi-directional DC/DC converters configured to charge and discharge the plurality of battery banks and provide DC to the single input port inverter.

A multi-power distributed storage system including a first power source; a second power source electrically connected to a common bus with the first power source; a single input port inverter electrically connected to the common bus. The system including a controller configured to communicate with at least the second power source, and the single input port inverter. The second power source including a plurality of battery banks and a plurality of bi-directional DC/DC converters configured to charge and discharge the plurality of battery banks and provide DC to the single input port inverter.