A controller which controls an apparatus having motors each of which drives each axis includes a control part which is provided so as to correspond to a motor for each axis and servo-controls the motor based on a command value applied to the motor. The control part receives the command value from a host apparatus and updates the command value in a predetermined updating period. When the command value in a “t”-th updating period used in the control part is defined as y(t), the control part includes an extrapolation calculation part which calculates a command value y(k) used in a “k”-th updating period according to the following expression when the control part has not received the command value from the host apparatus or abnormality occurs in the communication in the “k”-th updating period:

y(k)=y(k−2)+{y(k−1)−y(k−3)}, or

y(k)=y(k−2)+{y(k−2)−y(k−4)}.

An external modelling method, including applying to a nose of initial external shape F.sub.0, at least two modelling instruments I, to guide the growth of the nose cartilage and thus obtain a target final external nose shape F.sub.f when the individual has stopped growing, which differs from a natural external shape F.sub.n, which would be obtained naturally in the absence of intervention. A set of modelling instruments is provided, the successive shapes of which are determined to represent an evolving succession of one or more target intermediate shapes F, from the initial external nose shape F.sub.0 through to the target final external shape F.sub.f. A method of producing the modelling instruments is provided, during which method, starting from the initial external nose shape F.sub.0, a target final shape F.sub.f and at least one target intermediate shape F are determined. The instruments corresponding to each target shape are manufactured.

A controller which controls an apparatus having motors each of which drives each axis includes a control part which is provided so as to correspond to a motor for each axis and servo-controls the motor based on a command value applied to the motor. The control part receives the command value from a host apparatus and updates the command value in a predetermined updating period. When the command value in a t-th updating period used in the control part is defined as y(t), the control part includes an extrapolation calculation part which calculates a command value y(k) used in a k-th updating period according to the following expression when the control part has not received the command value from the host apparatus or abnormality occurs in the communication in the k-th updating period:
y(k)=y(k?2)+{y(k?1)?y(k?3)}, or
y(k)=y(k?2)+{y(k?2)?y(k?4)}.

An external modelling method, including applying to a nose of initial external shape F.sub.0, at least two modelling instruments I, to guide the growth of the nose cartilage and thus obtain a target final external nose shape F.sub.f when the individual has stopped growing, which differs from a natural external shape F.sub.n which would be obtained naturally in the absence of intervention. A set of modelling instruments is provided, the successive shapes of which are determined to represent an evolving succession of one or more target intermediate shapes F, from the initial external nose shape F.sub.0 through to the target final external shape F.sub.f. A method of producing the modelling instruments is provided, during which method, starting from the initial external nose shape F.sub.0, a target final shape F.sub.f and at least one target intermediate shape F are determined. The instruments corresponding to each target shape are manufactured.

A method of processing measurement information in which a determined parameter value is determined at each of a plurality of measurement times including determining a predicted parameter value at each of the measurement times, determining an error range at each of the measurement times based on the predicted parameter value, obtaining a measured parameter value at each of the measurement times, and determining the determined parameter value based on the predicted parameter value, the measured parameter value, and the error range.

A laser plotter and method for operating a laser plotter for cutting, engraving, marking and/or lettering a workpiece are disclosed. When an irradiation source is activated, a laser beam is directed via deflection elements to a focusing unit. A control unit performs the control on the basis of set parameters and/or a loaded job. The data, in particular job, are received via a computer unit, and a calculation of the path planning is performed offline by the computer unit or externally by a cloud solution or component. The path planning and other data are transferred to a PLC controller or soft PLC, from which at the sampling times, the individual target data, in particular the path planning and other data, such as the speed, are then sent step by step via an industrial bus to at least the modules for axle control and laser control.