A controller controls a plurality of drives of a lifting device, wherein the controller is configured to perform a kinematic transformation of spatial position and orientation coordinates of a body and controls the drives based on the kinematic transformation. The drives can be electric drives. At least six drives are provided and regulated, so that their number exceeds the number of spatial position and orientation coordinates of the body. The lifting device is thus overdetermined.

A method and system for set point tracking control of an n.sup.th order integer control system. A first feedback compensated input signal is generated from an input signal, r(t), and a first negative feedback signal. A fractional order controller generates a set point modified signal from the first feedback compensated input signal. A second feedback compensated input signal is generated from the set point modified signal and a second negative feedback signal. A process variable is generated from the second feedback compensated input signal and applied to a non-linear plant which is affected by a disturbance which carries over into an output signal, y(t). An extended state observer receives the process variable and the output signal and generates the first second negative feedback and the second negative feedback signal to cancel the disturbance.

A method, system, and apparatus for a linear active disturbance rejection control with a fractional order integral (FOI-LADRC) action for set-point tracking of a process variable is disclosed. The FOI-LADRC method includes receiving and multiplying a reference signal by a first feedback signal, applying, by a set-point tracking controller, fractional order integration to the reference signal, amplifying and multiplying the reference signal by a series of second feedback signals and a third feedback signal, dividing the reference signal by a static gain, and generating a process control variable, inputting the process control variable and applying a disturbance to the plant to output an output signal, feeding back the output signal, as the first feedback signal, generating the series of second feedback signals and a third feedback signal by an extended state observer, ESO, and tuning the set-point tracking controller and the ESO to eliminate the disturbance, from the output signal.

A controller controls a plurality of drives of a lifting device, wherein the controller is configured to perform a kinematic transformation of spatial position and orientation coordinates of a body and controls the drives based on the kinematic transformation. The drives can be electric drives. At least six drives are provided and regulated, so that their number exceeds the number of spatial position and orientation coordinates of the body. The lifting device is thus overdetermined.

A crane, in particular a revolving tower crane or a bridge crane, and a method for controlling such a crane, having a hoist cable, which extends from a crane boom and carries a load-receiving means, drive devices for moving crane elements and displacing the load-receiving means, a control apparatus for controlling the drive devices such that the load-receiving means travels along a travel path, and a pendulum damping device for damping pendulum movements of the load-receiving means, wherein the pendulum damping device has a pendulum sensor for detecting pendulum movements of the hoist cable and/or of the load-receiving means and a controller component having a closed control circuit for influencing the control of the drive devices depending on pendulum signals that are indicated by pendulum movements detected by the pendulum sensor and are returned to the control loop.

When one of the objects placed on a placement board is sucked and held by a suction nozzle and is taken out by an actuator under the control of an operation controller, a first acquirer acquires a difference M between a first moment M1 applied to the suction nozzle and a second moment M2 applied to the suction nozzle when the object is taken out by the suction nozzle by a first taking-out movement distance. The operation controller performs control, based on the acquired difference between the moments, whether the taking-out operation is to be further continued.

A robot system includes: at least one non-learned robot that has not learned a learning compensation amount of position control based on an operation command; at least one learned robot that has learned the learning compensation amount of the position control based on the operation command; and a storage device that stores the operation command and the learning compensation amount of the learned robot, the non-learned robot comprising a compensation amount estimation unit that compensates the learning compensation amount of the learned robot stored in the storage device based on a difference between the operation command of the learned robot stored in the storage device and an operation command of an own robot, and estimates the compensated learning compensation amount as a learning compensation amount of the own robot.

A crane, in particular a revolving tower crane or a bridge crane, and a method for controlling such a crane, having a hoist cable, which extends from a crane boom and carries a load-receiving means, drive devices for moving crane elements and displacing the load-receiving means, a control apparatus for controlling the drive devices such that the load-receiving means travels along a travel path, and a pendulum damping device for damping pendulum movements of the load-receiving means, wherein the pendulum damping device has a pendulum sensor for detecting pendulum movements of the hoist cable and/or of the load-receiving means and a controller component having a closed control circuit for influencing the control of the drive devices depending on pendulum signals that are indicated by pendulum movements detected by the pendulum sensor and are returned to the control loop.

A robot system includes: at least one non-learned robot that has not learned a learning compensation amount of position control based on an operation command; at least one learned robot that has learned the learning compensation amount of the position control based on the operation command; and a storage device that stores the operation command and the learning compensation amount of the learned robot, the non-learned robot comprising a compensation amount estimation unit that compensates the learning compensation amount of the learned robot stored in the storage device based on a difference between the operation command of the learned robot stored in the storage device and an operation command of an own robot, and estimates the compensated learning compensation amount as a learning compensation amount of the own robot.