A design method for undisturbed switching of linear controllers is provided for solving the problem of sudden system response change or an unstable control circuit caused by switching of multiple linear controllers, in which the linear controllers include proportional-integral-derivative (PID), linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG), linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), H∞, model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and open-loop controllers. Firstly, differentials tbr outputs of the controllers are found, then through controller decision, a controller is selected to be connected to a closed-loop control circuit, and a differential term of the controller connected to the closed-loop control circuit is integrated through a common integrator, thereby ensuring smooth controller switching. The design method has a simple structure and good versatility, is operable, and can be easily applied to various actual control systems without requiring parameter adjustment.

A design method for undisturbed switching of linear controllers is provided for solving the problem of sudden system response change or an unstable control circuit caused by switching of multiple linear controllers, in which the linear controllers include proportional-integral-derivative (PID), linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG), linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), H∞, model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and open-loop controllers. Firstly, differentials tbr outputs of the controllers are found, then through controller decision, a controller is selected to be connected to a closed-loop control circuit, and a differential term of the controller connected to the closed-loop control circuit is integrated through a common integrator, thereby ensuring smooth controller switching. The design method has a simple structure and good versatility, is operable, and can be easily applied to various actual control systems without requiring parameter adjustment.

A feedback control device determines a first target angular velocity that is a target angular velocity of an output angular velocity of the target device, using a first transfer function, determines a control input to the target device, based on a difference between the first target angular velocity and the output angular velocity, determines, based on the operation input, a second target angular velocity that is the target angular velocity requested by an operator, determines a degree of comfort of the operator, based on a difference between the output angular velocity and the second target angular velocity, sequentially accumulates the first target angular velocity, the degree of comfort, and a target degree of comfort in a database, and adjusts a first moment of inertia in such a way as to reduce a difference between the target degree of comfort and the degree of comfort, using data accumulated in the database.

Methods and systems for operating internal systems of a vehicle are provided. Aspects include providing a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the FPGA including a communication channel port, wherein the communication channel port is operable to connect to one or more systems through a communication channel, and wherein the FPGA is configured to operate in one or more control modes, receiving a communication channel input to the communication channel port of the FPGA, based at least in part on the communication channel input, determining a control mode from the one or more control modes, and operating the FPGA in the control mode, wherein the control mode is associated with one system of the one or more systems.

Methods and systems for operating internal systems of a vehicle are provided. Aspects include providing a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the FPGA including a communication channel port, wherein the communication channel port is operable to connect to one or more systems through a communication channel, and wherein the FPGA is configured to operate in one or more control modes, receiving a communication channel input to the communication channel port of the FPGA, based at least in part on the communication channel input, determining a control mode from the one or more control modes, and operating the FPGA in the control mode, wherein the control mode is associated with one system of the one or more systems.

Systems and methods are described for presenting information for managing a vital sign of a patient. A graphical user interface (GUI) can be presented that displays information concerning a vital sign of a patient, including the most current value of the vital sign received and past values of the vital sign over an elapsed time period. Preferably, the systems and methods are used with a closed-loop system that may automatically adjust a dosage rate of a medication, although manual control is also contemplated. The GUI may comprise one or more visual indicators presented on the historical data that, when selected, present additional information that may be useful to managing the care of the patient.

The invention relates to a hydraulic actuator (1) that can be controlled by a main valve (2) and an auxiliary valve (3). Upstream of the main valve device (2) is a main regulator (7), having a P block (9) and an I block (10). Upstream of the auxiliary valve (3) is an auxiliary regulator (8), having a base block (11) and an I block (12). In a normal mode of operation, the auxiliary valve (3) is deactivated. The main regulator is provided with a main setpoint variable (p*) and a corresponding main actual quantity (p) of the hydraulic actuator (1). The main regulator (7) determines a main actuating variable (s) and predefines the main actuating variable (s) in the main valve device (2). In a special mode of operation, the base block (11) of the auxiliary regulator (8) is provided with an auxiliary setpoint variable (a*) and a corresponding auxiliary actual quantity (p) of the hydraulic actuator (1). The base block (11) of the auxiliary regulator (8) determines an auxiliary actuating variable (s′) and predefines the auxiliary actuating variable (s′) in the auxiliary valve device (3). The I block (12) of the auxiliary regulator (8) is provided with the main setpoint variable (p*) and the main actual quantity (p). The I block (12) of the auxiliary regulator (8) determines an integral component (si′) therefrom. The integral component (si′) is applied to the auxiliary actuating variable (s′). In the special mode of operation, the P block (9) is provided with the main setpoint variable (p*) and the main actual quantity (p). In the special mode of operation, the P-block (9) determines the main actuating variable (s) and predefines the main actuating variable (s) in the main valve device (2).

The invention relates to a hydraulic actuator (1) that can be controlled by a main valve (2) and an auxiliary valve (3). Upstream of the main valve device (2) is a main regulator (7), having a P block (9) and an I block (10). Upstream of the auxiliary valve (3) is an auxiliary regulator (8), having a base block (11) and an I block (12). In a normal mode of operation, the auxiliary valve (3) is deactivated. The main regulator is provided with a main setpoint variable (p*) and a corresponding main actual quantity (p) of the hydraulic actuator (1). The main regulator (7) determines a main actuating variable (s) and predefines the main actuating variable (s) in the main valve device (2). In a special mode of operation, the base block (11) of the auxiliary regulator (8) is provided with an auxiliary setpoint variable (a*) and a corresponding auxiliary actual quantity (p) of the hydraulic actuator (1). The base block (11) of the auxiliary regulator (8) determines an auxiliary actuating variable (s′) and predefines the auxiliary actuating variable (s′) in the auxiliary valve device (3). The I block (12) of the auxiliary regulator (8) is provided with the main setpoint variable (p*) and the main actual quantity (p). The I block (12) of the auxiliary regulator (8) determines an integral component (si′) therefrom. The integral component (si′) is applied to the auxiliary actuating variable (s′). In the special mode of operation, the P block (9) is provided with the main setpoint variable (p*) and the main actual quantity (p). In the special mode of operation, the P-block (9) determines the main actuating variable (s) and predefines the main actuating variable (s) in the main valve device (2).

A control apparatus configured to control a chain link voltage source converter, the control apparatus comprising; two converter controllers, each converter controller configured to receive a measure of the output voltage and/or current from the converter and determine a control signal therefrom for controlling the voltage source converter, each converter controller including at least one integrator element configured to perform an integration operation and output an integrator term in said determination of the control signal, a selector configured to select which one of the converter controllers provides its control signal to the converter; wherein each integrator element is configured to have two modes, a first mode in which the integrator element determines the integrator term and a second mode in which the integrator term is provided by a corresponding integrator element in the other converter controller.

A control apparatus configured to control a chain link voltage source converter, the control apparatus comprising; two converter controllers, each converter controller configured to receive a measure of the output voltage and/or current from the converter and determine a control signal therefrom for controlling the voltage source converter, each converter controller including at least one integrator element configured to perform an integration operation and output an integrator term in said determination of the control signal, a selector configured to select which one of the converter controllers provides its control signal to the converter; wherein each integrator element is configured to have two modes, a first mode in which the integrator element determines the integrator term and a second mode in which the integrator term is provided by a corresponding integrator element in the other converter controller.