A thermostat device (8) for a cooling system in a vehicle. The device (8) includes a thermostat housing (15) enclosing a movably arranged valve body (16, 20, 34, 44). The valve body is configured to distribute coolant from a thermostat chamber (15a) to a radiator bypass line (9) and/or a radiator (11) in dependence on the position of the valve body. The device (8) has a first thermal expansion element (31) providing a first stroke of a valve body (16, 20, 34, 44) in response to the temperature of the coolant in a the pilot chamber (14a), and a second thermal expansion element (32) providing a second stroke of the valve body (16, 20, 34, 44) in response to the temperature of the coolant in the thermostat chamber (15a) such that the valve body (16, 20, 34, 44) is moved to a position defined by the strokes from the thermal expansion elements (31, 32). The pilot chamber (14a) has an outlet passage (14b) for directing coolant from the pilot chamber (14a) to the thermostat chamber (15a).

Thermal control systems that include variable conductivity metamaterial units are provided. The metamaterial unit a plurality of thermally conductive plates, a plurality of first bonds, each of which connects two adjoining thermally conductive plates, and a plurality of second bonds, each of which connects two adjoining thermally conductive plates. Also included is a load inducer constructed to cause the plurality of thermally conductive plates to move between a non-contact state, in which opposing surfaces of the plurality of thermally conductive plates are not in direct contact, to a contact state, in which the opposing surfaces of the plurality of thermally conductive are in at least partial direct contact, so as to change a thermal conductivity of the metamaterial unit from a first value to a second value. Through the ability to design the effective thermal conductivity as a function of temperature a passive thermal control capability is achieved by the introduction of thermal stability regions that will passively ensure thermal stability.

A thermal bypass valve includes a housing defining a bore along a longitudinal axis and having two inlet ports and two outlet ports; a cap disposed within the bore; a shuttle disposed within the bore and reversibly translatable towards and away from the cap along the longitudinal axis between a first fill position, a cooling position, and a bypass position; and an actuator configured for translating the shuttle along the longitudinal axis between the cooling position and the bypass position. The actuator is formed from a shape memory alloy and is transitionable between a first state and a second state in response to a temperature of the fluid.

A method of determining pathogen inactivation may include performing an energy balance on a fluid heating system. Performing an energy balance may include calculating temperatures of a fluid at a plurality of locations as the fluid flows through the fluid heating system. The method of determining pathogen inactivation may also include receiving inactivation kinetic data regarding a pathogen present in the fluid and determining pathogen inactivation amounts based on exposure to the temperatures. Performing an energy balance may include receiving a plurality of input parameters relating to the fluid heating system. The plurality of input parameters may relate to a solar collection system and an associated fluid control system. The solar collection system may include a parabolic mirror and the fluid control system may include an elongated flow element arranged along a focal axis of the parabolic mirror.

A thermostatic working element may include a cup-shaped housing having a housing jacket and a housing base, the housing containing a working chamber in which an expansion material may be located. The working element may also include an axially adjustable working piston projecting into the working chamber through a piston opening in the housing base, a cover closing a housing opening lying axially opposite the housing base, an annular seal surrounding the working piston and lying radially thereagainst, and an axial guide in a region of the housing base and surrounding and axially guiding the working piston. The annular seal may be axially in contact on a rear end side of the annular seal facing away from the housing base with the expansion material. The annular seal may lie radially against the housing jacket.

An air flow controller for an air cleaner and an air cleaner are provided. The air flow controller may include a fan, and a housing, the fan being provided in the housing and the housing being movable from an initial horizontal position in which the air flow controller directs air flow in a vertical direction to an inclined position in which the air flow controller directs air flow in a diagonal direction.

An electronic thermostat control system may include a control duty determination portion outputting PWM duty signal for controlling the coolant temperature according to a coolant temperature, a rising rate of the coolant temperature, an engine speed, a load and a vehicle speed, a driving portion applying a time condition to the PWM duty signal output by the control duty determination portion for controlling outputting interval, and a fault diagnosis portion diagnosing operations of the electronic thermostat by analyzing the signals output by the driving portion and changes of the coolant temperature.

An air flow controller for an air cleaner and an air cleaner are provided. The air flow controller may include a fan, and a housing, the fan being provided in the housing and the housing being movable from an initial horizontal position in which the air flow controller directs air flow in a vertical direction to an inclined position in which the air flow controller directs air flow in a diagonal direction.

An exhaust heat recovery system applied to an engine system includes a magnetic valve actuator that uses a resistive force against magnetic forces of magnetic elements to decrease a forward movement speed of a push rod made by a wax expansion force of wax that exchanges heat with a coolant passing through an internal space or to decrease a restoring movement speed of the push rod made by a wax contraction force of the wax, or that uses an additional force of the magnetic forces to increase the forward movement speed of the push rod or the restoring movement speed of the push rod.

A valve with a sleeve movable along its central axis regulates fluid flow between the orifices of a housing for the valve. The valve has a thermost including heat-sensitive and movable parts, the latter being translatable relative to the heat-sensitive part along the central axis during expansion of a thermodilatable material contained in the heat-sensitive part. The thermostat is kinematically connected to the housing by a stirrup and kinematically connected to the sleeve, such that movements between the heat-sensitive and movable parts regulate the sleeve. In order for the valve to be more compact and safer, the stirrup has an arm extending lengthwise parallel to the central axis and connecting inside the sleeve the heat-sensitive part to an attachment part of the housing, and a fastener at its longitudinal end opposite the thermostat suitable for locking to the attachment part by plastic deformation.