An electric integrated circuit water heater apparatus includes: a cold water inlet for allowing input of cold water into a storage tank with heating elements comprised of integrated circuits configured to exchange heat from the heating elements to the water in the storage tank through a heat exchanger, in which heat produced by running the integrated circuits is recovered into the heat exchanger, thereby heating the stored water by using heat from the integrated circuits. A hot water outlet is provided in the upper portion of storage tank such that the water will have passed all of the heating elements prior to exiting the hot water outlet.

The present invention provides a heater temperature control circuit including a heater and a control circuit that controls a temperature of the heater, wherein the control circuit includes a bridge circuit in which a first circuit and a second circuit are connected in parallel, and an operational amplifier connected to the bridge circuit, wherein in the first circuit, the heater and a resistor are connected in series, and a midpoint of the first circuit is connected to one input portion of the operational amplifier, and an output value V.sub.out from the second circuit is input to the other input portion of the operational amplifier, the output value V.sub.out being obtained by multiplying a division ratio of a target resistance value R.sub.h of the heater and a resistance value R.sub.1 of the resistor with a reference voltage V.sub.ref of the bridge circuit.

When a voltage signal is input to input terminals as a positive voltage, the voltage conversion circuit generates a control voltage proportional to an input voltage by a voltage-dividing circuit according to resistance elements, a voltage follower circuit according to an operational amplifier, and a voltage-dividing circuit according to resistance elements. When a voltage signal is input to the input terminals as a negative voltage, since the operational amplifier outputs a power supply voltage according to an input of the negative voltage, the voltage conversion circuit generates a predetermined positive voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage by the resistance elements as the control voltage. The predetermined positive voltage is higher than a voltage range of the control voltage when the voltage signal is input as the positive voltage.

A control device of an aerosol inhaler includes a load heating an aerosol generation source, in which a temperature and an electric resistance value of the load are correlated. The control device includes: a voltage sensor configured to output a voltage value applied to the load; a constant current circuit configured to output a constant current to the load; and a control circuit configured to acquire the electric resistance value of the load or the temperature of the load based on output of the voltage sensor and the constant current.

A package-on-package (PoP) device includes a first package, a second package, and a bi-directional thermal electric cooler (TEC). The first package includes a first substrate and a first die coupled to the first substrate. The second package is coupled to the first package. The second package includes a second substrate and a second die coupled to the second substrate. The TEC is located between the first die and the second substrate. The TEC is adapted to dynamically dissipate heat back and forth between the first package and the second package. The TEC is adapted to dissipate heat from the first die to the second die in a first time period. The TEC is further adapted to dissipate heat from the second die to the first die in a second time period. The TEC is adapted to dissipate heat from the first die to the second die through the second substrate.

This document discusses, among other things, an apparatus and method for providing temperature information. In an example, an integrated circuit apparatus can include a first resistor configured to be coupled to a first terminal of a temperature-sensitive resistance, a second resistor configured to be coupled to a second terminal of the temperature-sensitive resistance, and a temperature information circuit configured to receive a first voltage from the first terminal of the temperature-sensitive resistance and a second voltage from the second terminal of the temperature-sensitive resistance. The temperature information circuit can provide the temperature information using the first and second voltages.

A heater control system is disclosed. In an embodiment, the heater control system includes a fluid heater that includes a heating element. The heating element controlled by a switch. The heater control system also includes a controller that can operate the switch. The controller is configured to determine whether a temperature associated with the fluid heater is below a predetermined temperature threshold. The controller causes the switch to transition to an operational state when the temperature is below the predetermined temperature threshold allowing current to flow through the at least one heating element.

A heating apparatus includes: first and second heaters, first and second switches, first and second ramp signal generation circuits, a signal processor circuit, first and second comparison circuits, and a switch control circuit. The first and second ramp signal generation circuits generate first and second ramp signals according to first and second output currents, respectively. The signal processor circuit senses a temperature to generate a temperature-related signal. The first and second comparison circuits compare the first and second ramp signals with the temperature-related signal, to generate a first PWM signal and a second PWM signal for controlling the first and second switches respectively, to determine the first and second output currents so that there is a predetermined ratio between average powers of the first heater and the second heater.

An electric integrated circuit water heater apparatus includes: a cold water inlet for allowing input of cold water into a storage tank with heating elements comprised of integrated circuits configured to exchange heat from the heating elements to the water in the storage tank through a heat exchanger, in which heat produced by running the integrated circuits is recovered into the heat exchanger, thereby heating the stored water by using heat from the integrated circuits. A hot water outlet is provided in the upper portion of storage tank such that the water will have passed all of the heating elements prior to exiting the hot water outlet.

A control device of an aerosol inhaler includes a load heating an aerosol generation source, in which a temperature and an electric resistance value of the load are correlated. The control device includes: a voltage sensor configured to output a voltage value applied to the load; a constant current circuit configured to output a constant current to the load; and a control circuit configured to acquire the electric resistance value of the load or the temperature of the load based on output of the voltage sensor and the constant current.