A method for providing a thermal feedback, includes executing a virtual reality application providing a virtual space that includes a virtual area to which an area temperature attribute is assigned, and a virtual object to which an object temperature attributed is assigned. An area event that reflects that a player character enters the virtual area is detected. A feedback device is controlled to output thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute when the area event is detected, the feedback device outputting the thermal feedback using a thermoelectric element performing a thermoelectric operation. An object event reflecting the player character is influenced by the virtual object is detected. The feedback device is controlled to override the thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute and output thermal feedback associated to the object temperature when the object is detected while the player character is in the virtual area.

This temperature control device is provided with: an endothermic/exothermic unit that heats or cools a subject to be subjected to temperature control; a temperature detection unit that detects the first temperature of the periphery of the subject; a control unit that controls the endothermic/exothermic unit on the basis of a variable target temperature; and a variable target temperature setter that sets the variable target temperature to a first variable target temperature on the basis of the first temperature and target temperature information indicating the target temperature. With such temperature control device, since the target temperature changes to a suitable value as needed, a time needed until the temperature of the subject reaches the target temperature can be shortened.

An aerosol generating device includes a heating chamber; and a thermoelectric cell. The aerosol generating device is configured to supply electrical power to the thermoelectrical cell and the thermoelectric cell is arranged such that, when electrical power is supplied to the thermoelectric cell, heat is transferred through the thermoelectrical cell to the heating chamber by the thermoelectrical cell. A control unit is configured to control the heat transferred by the thermoelectrical cell so as to regulate an internal temperature of the heating chamber. A method of controlling the aerosol generating device includes controlling the heat transferred through the thermoelectric cell so as to regulate the internal temperature of the heating chamber.

A temperature-controlled fluid forcing system includes a temperature control system generating a stream of flowing temperature-controlled fluid. A heat exchanger includes a thermally conductive housing within which a plurality of walls define a shaped flow space. The stream of temperature-controlled fluid flows through the shaped flow space and is in thermal communication with the housing. A thermally conductive probe is in thermal communication with the exterior of the housing of the heat exchanger, the thermally conductive probe comprising a thermally conductive protrusion in thermal communication with the exterior of the housing of the heat exchanger, such that, when the thermally conductive probe makes contact with a device under test (DUT), heat is conducted to or from DUT.

An electronic device includes one or more deformable interfaces which are able to pressurize a part of a user operating, in an actual environment, an operation target moving in a different environment and of which shapes are changeable; and one or more temperature changing units which are able to change a temperature perceived by the part of the user. A feedback system includes the electronic device; an actuator control unit configured to control an operation of an actuator that changes the shape of the deformable interface based on a change in a tactile sensation estimated to be obtained by the operation target; and a temperature control unit configured to control the temperature of the temperature changing unit capable of changing a temperature perceived by the part of the user based on a change in temperature estimated to be perceived by the operation target.

A method for providing a thermal feedback performed by a feedback device is disclosed. The method includes: applying an operating power to a thermoelectric element to start a thermoelectric operation for outputting a thermal feedback; stopping the application of the operating power to terminate the thermoelectric operation; and when the application of the operating power is stopped, applying a buffering power to the thermoelectric element to reduce a temperature returning speed of a contact surface so that a thermal inversion illusion is prevented. The thermal inversion illusion being opposite to the outputted thermal feedback.

A method for providing a thermal feedback, includes executing a virtual reality application providing a virtual space that includes a virtual area to which an area temperature attribute is assigned, and a virtual object to which an object temperature attributed is assigned. An area event that reflects that a player character enters the virtual area is detected. A feedback device is controlled to output thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute when the area event is detected, the feedback device outputting the thermal feedback using a thermoelectric element performing a thermoelectric operation. An object event reflecting the player character is influenced by the virtual object is detected. The feedback device is controlled to override the thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute and output thermal feedback associated to the object temperature when the object is detected while the player character is in the virtual area.

A method for providing a thermal feedback, performed by a feedback device. The feedback device outputs the thermal feedback, by transmitting a heat generated by a thermoelectric element, to a user via a contact surface contacting with a body part of the user. The method may include obtaining a feedback start message including a type of the thermal feedback, and when the type of the thermal feedback is a thermal grill feedback, outputting the thermal grill feedback by performing a thermal grill operation in which a heat generating operation and a heat absorbing operation is combined. The outputting of the thermal grill feedback may include applying a forward power to the thermoelectric element to perform the heat generating operation, applying a reverse power of which a current direction is opposite to the forward power to the thermoelectric element to perform the heat absorbing operation, and repeating the applying the forward power and the applying the reverse power alternatively.

A method for providing a thermal feedback, performed by a feedback device. The feedback device outputs the thermal feedback, by transmitting a heat generated by a thermoelectric element, to a user via a contact surface contacting with a body part of the user. The method may include obtaining a feedback start message including a type of the thermal feedback, and when the type of the thermal feedback is a thermal grill feedback, outputting the thermal grill feedback by performing a thermal grill operation in which a heat generating operation and a heat absorbing operation is combined. The outputting of the thermal grill feedback may include applying a forward power to the thermoelectric element to perform the heat generating operation, applying a reverse power of which a current direction is opposite to the forward power to the thermoelectric element to perform the heat absorbing operation, and repeating the applying the forward power and the applying the reverse power alternatively.

A method for providing a thermal feedback, includes executing a virtual reality application providing a virtual space that includes a virtual area to which an area temperature attribute is assigned, and a virtual object to which an object temperature attributed is assigned. An area event that reflects that a player character enters the virtual area is detected. A feedback device is controlled to output thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute when the area event is detected, the feedback device outputting the thermal feedback using a thermoelectric element performing a thermoelectric operation. An object event reflecting the player character is influenced by the virtual object is detected. The feedback device is controlled to override the thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute and output thermal feedback associated to the object temperature when the object is detected while the player character is in the virtual area.