Systems and methods for improving power efficiency of electronic systems are disclosed. An intelligent voltage regulator module (VRM) can self-regulate the output power provided to one or more components of an electronic system. For example, output voltage to a component can be increased when more computational power is needed or lowered when appropriate. The intelligent VRM can regulate the output power, for instance, based on one or more of usage or activity of the component. In some cases, the intelligent VRM can independently regulate the output power without input from a host device or override one or more output power parameters. Adjustment of the output power can be performed using machine learning (ML).

Systems and methods for improving power efficiency of electronic systems are disclosed. An intelligent voltage regulator module (VRM) can self-regulate the output power provided to one or more components of an electronic system. For example, output voltage to a component can be increased when more computational power is needed or lowered when appropriate. The intelligent VRM can regulate the output power, for instance, based on one or more of usage or activity of the component. In some cases, the intelligent VRM can independently regulate the output power without input from a host device or override one or more output power parameters. Adjustment of the output power can be performed using machine learning (ML).

An apparatus comprises a first power supply, a second power supply, and a controller. The first power supply supplies a first input voltage to power a first input of a load over a first circuit path. The second power supply supplies a second input voltage to power a second input of the load over a second circuit path. The controller controls connectivity of the first circuit path to the second circuit path as a function of the first input voltage and the second input voltage during at least ramp up or ramp down of either or both of the first input voltage and the second input voltage.

The present disclosure describes a power supply switch that includes a voltage generator, a switch circuit, and a confirmation circuit. The voltage generator is configured to compare a first power supply voltage to a second power supply voltage and to output the first power supply voltage or the second power supply voltage as a bulk voltage (V.sub.bulk). The switch circuit includes one or more transistors and is configured to (i) bias bulk terminals of the one or more transistors with the V.sub.bulk and (ii) output either the first power supply voltage or the second power supply voltage as a voltage output signal. The confirmation circuit is configured to output a confirmation signal that indicates whether the voltage output signal transitioned from the first power supply voltage to the second power supply voltage.

A technique is provided that reduces dullness of a potential provided to a line such as gate line on an active-matrix substrate to enable driving the line at high speed and, at the same time, reduces the size of the picture frame region. On an active-matrix substrate (20a) are provided gate lines (13G) and source lines. On the active-matrix substrate (20a) are further provided: gate drivers (11) each including a plurality of switching elements, at least one of which is located in a pixel region, for supplying a scan signal to a gate line (13G); and lines (15L1) each for supplying a control signal to the associated gate driver (11). A control signal is supplied by a display control circuit (4) located outside the display region to the gate drivers (11) via the lines (15L1). In response to a control signal supplied, each gate driver (11) drives the gate line (13G) to which it is connected.

An apparatus includes hardware circuits, a front-end power supply, voltage regulators, and control circuitry. The front-end power supply generates electrical power for the hardware circuits. The front-end power supply includes power stages that generate portions of electrical power and are activated and deactivated independently. The voltage regulators are connected to an output of the front-end power supply and provide adjustable operating voltages to the hardware circuits. The control circuitry controls the voltage regulators to supply the adjustable operating voltages responsively to requests from the hardware circuits, compares the adjustable operating voltages to settings that are specified as safe for provisioning by a predefined partial number of the power stages of the front-end power supply, and adaptively activates and deactivates the power stages, including ensuring that a number of active power stages is set to the predefined partial number only while the operating voltages match the safe settings.

An apparatus includes hardware circuits, a front-end power supply, voltage regulators, and control circuitry. The front-end power supply generates electrical power for the hardware circuits. The front-end power supply includes power stages that generate portions of electrical power and are activated and deactivated independently. The voltage regulators are connected to an output of the front-end power supply and provide adjustable operating voltages to the hardware circuits. The control circuitry controls the voltage regulators to supply the adjustable operating voltages responsively to requests from the hardware circuits, compares the adjustable operating voltages to settings that are specified as safe for provisioning by a predefined partial number of the power stages of the front-end power supply, and adaptively activates and deactivates the power stages, including ensuring that a number of active power stages is set to the predefined partial number only while the operating voltages match the safe settings.

Disclosed is a bandgap reference circuit, which includes a first current generator that generates a first current proportional to a temperature, a second current generator that outputs a second current obtained by mirroring the first current to a first node at which a reference voltage is formed, a first resistor that is connected with the first node and is supplied with the second current, and a first bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that includes an emitter node connected with the first resistor, a base node supplied with a first power, and a collector node supplied with a second power different from the first power.

A regulating device includes a voltage regulator configured to receive an input voltage and regulate an amplitude and a frequency of the input voltage to generate an electrical signal acting on the electric control functional layer; and a controller coupled to the voltage regulator and configured to receive a regulating signal, and to send a control signal to the voltage regulator according to the regulating signal to regulate the amplitude and the frequency of the input voltage, the control signal including an amplitude parameter and a frequency parameter of the voltage. Finer regulation of the optical characteristics of the electric control functional layer can be realized by introducing frequency regulation. Such finer regulation can bring about a more comfortable experience to human senses. At the same time, the realization of such fine regulation enables more diversified control of the electronic control function layer.

A regulating device includes a voltage regulator configured to receive an input voltage and regulate an amplitude and a frequency of the input voltage to generate an electrical signal acting on the electric control functional layer; and a controller coupled to the voltage regulator and configured to receive a regulating signal, and to send a control signal to the voltage regulator according to the regulating signal to regulate the amplitude and the frequency of the input voltage, the control signal including an amplitude parameter and a frequency parameter of the voltage. Finer regulation of the optical characteristics of the electric control functional layer can be realized by introducing frequency regulation. Such finer regulation can bring about a more comfortable experience to human senses. At the same time, the realization of such fine regulation enables more diversified control of the electronic control function layer.