An architecture for fault-tolerant universal quantum computation is suited for matter qubits, such as donor qubits in silicon, coupled by a network of photonic interconnects. The basic operational building blocks are local measurements and unitaries, plus an entangling measurement of non-local Pauli operators. 3D graph states created by applying deterministic entangling measurements to pairs of qubits in knitting and fusion processes to yield resource states for one way computing. The deterministic entangling measurements are facilitated by configuring the network with active switches to allow single photons to interact with pairs of matter qubits.

Method and system for providing carbon offset sources. For example, the method includes determining an amount of total carbon emission of a user, receiving a desired percentage of carbon offset, determining a total number of carbon offset units corresponding to a predetermined carbon offset source, providing multiple carbon offset sources, receiving a respective number of carbon offset units corresponding to the predetermined carbon offset source for each of the multiple carbon offset sources, determining a respective cost for each of the multiple carbon offset sources, and providing a total amount of cost based upon the respective cost for each of the multiple carbon offset sources, where a total of the respective number of carbon offset units is equal to the total number of carbon offset units.

An optical computing device including a parametric oscillator array, an interaction computing matrix, a first feedback module connected to two ends of the parametric oscillator array, and a second feedback module connected to the parametric oscillator array and the interaction computing array. The parametric oscillator array is configured to receive a first group of signals, and generate a first group of optical signals including a plurality of first optical signals. The interaction computing array is configured to receive the first group of optical signals, and perform matrix operation on the first group of optical signals. The first feedback module is configured to receive the first group of optical signals, and transmit the first group of optical signals to the parametric oscillator array. The second feedback module is configured to receive the second group of optical signals, and transmit the second group of optical signals to the parametric oscillator array.

Method and system for determining total carbon emissions of a first vehicle are disclosed. For example, the method includes determining a first amount of carbon emissions produced during a commissioning stage of the first vehicle, collecting driving data for one or more trips made by the first vehicle during an operating stage of the first vehicle, determining a second amount of carbon emissions produced during the operating stage of the first vehicle based at least in part upon the driving data, determining a third amount of carbon emissions produced during a decommissioning stage of the first vehicle, and determining the total amount of carbon emissions produced during a life cycle of the first vehicle based at least upon the first amount of carbon emissions, the second amount of carbon emissions, and the third amount of carbon emissions.

A method for seismic geological lineation mapping, wherein a seismic dataset is collected, with information about minor lineations generated by Seismic dataset subtle structural geological features in an underground earth formation. Seismic attribute volumes are identified in the seismic dataset, relating to trace continuity, amplitude, frequency and phase. The attribute volumes may have an insufficient resolution to display the minor lineations. A seismic multivolume lithological lineation map is generated, in which single attribute 92d lineation maps generated for each of the identified seismic attribute volumes are combined to accurately display the minor lineations generated by the subtle geological features.

An optical computing system includes: a light diffraction element group including n pieces of light diffraction elements, where n is a natural number of 2 or more. Each of the n pieces includes cells, each of which has a thickness or a refractive index that is independently set. Each of the cells is classified into a C1 cell or a C2 cell. The thickness or the refractive index of each of the C1 cells is set such that optical computing that is carried out by the light diffraction element group becomes an identity operation when the C2 cells are masked.

An optical computing chip includes a light source array, a first concave mirror, and a modulator array. The light source array is located on an objective focal plane of the first concave mirror. The modulator array is located on an image focal plane of the first concave mirror. The light source array generates a first optical signal based on first data. The first concave mirror outputs a first reflected optical signal based on the first optical signal. The modulator array receives the first reflected optical signal, obtains first spectrum plane distribution data based on the first reflected optical signal, and modulates the first spectrum plane distribution data onto the modulator array.

An optical matrix multiplication unit for an optoelectronic system can be used to form an artificial neural network, having N input waveguides, M output waveguides and a plurality of matrix multiplication unit cells for signal processing of optical signals of one each of the N input waveguides and for transferring the processed signals into one each of the M output waveguides, wherein each of the matrix multiplication unit cells is allocated to one of the input waveguides and one of the output waveguides and undertakes a unique allocation between said two allocated waveguides. Each of the matrix multiplication unit cells has, for signal processing and signal transfer, a directional coupler, having an electrooptical modulator for transmission control of the directional coupler, interconnected between the allocated input waveguide and the allocated output waveguide.

Method and system for determining a total amount of carbon emissions of an individual are disclosed. For example, the method includes collecting, by a computing device, one or more individual telematics data associated with a user during a predetermined time duration, generating, by the computing device, first lifestyle data indicative of one or more lifestyle activities engaged by the user based at least in part upon the one or more individual telematics data, and estimating, by the computing device, a total amount of carbon emissions associated with the user during the predetermined time duration based at least in part upon the first lifestyle data.

Method and system for generating tree imagery. For example, the method includes receiving an identification number associated with a tree, determining a first set of image rendering settings for generating an image of the tree based upon the identification number, receiving metadata associated with the tree, determining a second set of second image rendering settings for generating the image of the tree based upon the metadata, and generating the image of the tree based upon the first set of image rendering settings and the second set of image rendering settings.