A multi-function device is disclosed. A first port may be used to communicate with a host processor. A second port may be used to communicate with a storage device. A third port may be used to communicate with a computational storage unit. Circuit may be used to route a message from the host processor to at least one of the storage device or the computational storage unit.

A storage controller includes a processing device to send a Non-Volatile Memory Express over Fibre Channel (NVMe/FC) command to a submission queue without routing the NVMe/FC command through a kernel space, the submission queue being reserved for direct access by an initiator device to a user space of the storage controller.

A method for use in a storage system is disclosed, comprising: receiving, at a first server in the storage system, a given block layer request for reservation of a storage resource, by the first server, an identifier corresponding to the given block layer request; performing a search of a database to detect whether the given block layer request has been completed, the search being performed by the first server, the search being performed based on the identifier corresponding to the given block layer request; when the database indicates that the given block layer request has not been completed: completing the given block layer request and transmitting a notification that the given block layer request is completed; and when the database indicates that given block layer request has been completed, re-transmitting a notification that the given block layer request is completed.

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to performing varying frequency memory sub-system background scans using either or both a timer and an I/O event limit. This can be accomplished by identifying a background scan trigger event from one of multiple possible types of background scan trigger events, such as a timer expiration or reaching an event count limit. In response to the background scan trigger event, a background scan can be initiated on a memory portion. The background scan can produce results, such as CDF-based data. When a metric based on the results exceeds a background scan limit, a refresh relocation can be performed and logged. A metric can be generated based on the CDF-based data, obtained error recovery depth data, or refresh relocation event data. When the metric is above or below corresponding background scan thresholds, a background scan frequency can be adjusted.

A data transmission method and an apparatus used in a virtual switch technology are provided, and the method includes: receiving an IO request of a virtual machine VM for accessing a file or a disk, and When the IO request is to be sent to a physical NIC by using a user mode Open vSwitch (OVS), converting the IO request into an Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) command in a user mode, and then sending the iSCSI command to the user mode OVS, where the user mode OVS sends the iSCSI command to the physical NIC.

A system comprising a pair of devices to enable communication between a first person and a second person; a body-suit to be worn by the first person; and a model replica of the body-suit configured to receive the tactile stimuli and/or the electrical stimuli from the second person and to convert the tactile stimuli and/or the electrical stimuli into the electrical signals which are conveyed to the body-suit over a network; wherein the body-suit is configured to replicate the tactile stimuli and/or the electrical stimuli of the model replica and convey the tactile stimuli and/or the electrical stimuli to the first person; and wherein the system allows a human to send a physical sensation of touch remotely to another human.

A device connectable between a host computer and a computer peripheral over a standard bus interface is disclosed, used to improve security, and to detect and prevent malware operation. Messages passing between the host computer and the computer peripherals are intercepted and analyzed based on pre-configured criteria, and legitimate messages transparently pass through the device, while suspected messages are blocked. The device communicates with the host computer and the computer peripheral using proprietary or industry standard protocol or bus, which may be based on a point-to-point serial communication such as USB or SATA. The messages may be stored in the device for future analysis, and may be blocked based on current or past analysis of the messages. The device may serve as a VPN client and securely communicate with a VPN server using the host Internet connection.

A memory system includes a memory device suitable for storing data and a controller suitable for determining an operation state of the memory device and carrying out garbage collection to the memory device in response to the operation state. The controller can ignore a first command entered from a host while performing the garbage collection.

A system includes a fabric switch including a motherboard, a baseboard management controller (BMC), a network switch configured to transport network signals, and a PCIe switch configured to transport PCIe signals; a midplane; and a plurality of device ports. Each of the plurality of device ports is configured to connect a storage device to the motherboard of the fabric switch over the midplane and carry the network signals and the PCIe signals over the midplane. The storage device is configurable in multiple modes based a protocol established over a fabric connection between the system and the storage device.

Embodiments for transferring data directly from primary storage to secondary storage in a virtualized network including virtual machine (VM) based storage, by exposing a source volume in the primary storage to a hypervisor host of the virtualized network, preparing a destination volume of the secondary storage as an empty volume and exporting it to the hypervisor host so that the host can the destination volume along with the source volume, and moving, in the hypervisor host, data from the exposed source volume to the exported empty destination volume using a combination of Storage Direct, Storage VMotion, and XCOPY or enhanced XCOPY technologies, wherein the XCOPY technology provides a direct transfer of data from the primary storage to the secondary storage.