This invention discloses a memory card access module and a memory card access method. The memory card access method is applied to an electronic device. A processing unit of the electronic device accesses a memory card through a memory card slot. The method includes steps of: detecting whether the memory card supports a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) interface; when the memory card does not support the PCIe interface, controlling the processing unit to access the memory card through a first data transmission path and performing data format conversion between a transmission interface and the PCIe interface using a memory card access unit disposed on the first data transmission path; and when the memory card supports the PCIe interface, controlling the processing unit to access the memory card through a second data transmission path that allows the processing unit and the memory card to transmit data through the PCIe interface.

An integrated circuit may include orthogonal multi-phase scheduling circuitry. The scheduling circuitry may include a number of orthogonal scheduling circuits each of which is configured to receive different command types and to output a single winning command. The scheduling circuitry may further include a phase assignment circuit for receiving the winning commands from the orthogonal scheduling circuits and for assigning the received winning commands to different corresponding phase groups. Each orthogonal scheduling circuit may include command buffers, command arbiters, a global arbiter, and associated safe checking circuits.

In some embodiments, a system-on-chip, includes a central processing unit (CPU); an accelerator coupled to the CPU via a first die-to-die interconnect; and uniform memory coupled to the CPU via a second die-to-die interconnect. In some embodiments, in order to prevent use of accelerator memory for processing operations by the accelerator, the accelerator utilizes a uniform memory access tunneling system located in the accelerator to tunnel a high-level interconnect protocol associated with the second die-to-die interconnect to a die-to-die interconnect protocol associated with the first die-to-die interconnect, the uniform memory access tunneling system being configured to allow access to the uniform memory using a shared address space.

An integrated circuit may include orthogonal multi-phase scheduling circuitry. The scheduling circuitry may include a number of orthogonal scheduling circuits each of which is configured to receive different command types and to output a single winning command. The scheduling circuitry may further include a phase assignment circuit for receiving the winning commands from the orthogonal scheduling circuits and for assigning the received winning commands to different corresponding phase groups. Each orthogonal scheduling circuit may include command buffers, command arbiters, a global arbiter, and associated safe checking circuits.

This invention discloses a memory card access module and a memory card access method. The memory card access method is applied to an electronic device. A processing unit of the electronic device accesses a memory card through a memory card slot. The method includes steps of: detecting whether the memory card supports a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) interface; when the memory card does not support the PCIe interface, controlling the processing unit to access the memory card through a first data transmission path and performing data format conversion between a transmission interface and the PCIe interface using a memory card access unit disposed on the first data transmission path; and when the memory card supports the PCIe interface, controlling the processing unit to access the memory card through a second data transmission path that allows the processing unit and the memory card to transmit data through the PCIe interface.

A signal driving circuit includes a first transmitting circuit having an input coupled to a source of a chip select signal and an output that is configured to switch within a first voltage range having a first amplitude, a second transmitting circuit having an input coupled to the source of the chip select signal and an output that is configured to switch within a second voltage range having a second amplitude, and an output node coupled to the output of the first transmitting circuit and the output of the second transmitting circuit. The first amplitude may be lower than the second amplitude.

Systems and methods are disclosed for implementing a Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) driver in a computer system. The method involves mapping a memory buffer into a user mode address space to facilitate data transfer with an NVMe device via direct memory access (DMA). Additionally, a first NVMe queue pair, including a submission queue (SQ) and a completion queue (CQ), is mapped into the user mode address space, allowing a user mode component to submit commands to the NVMe device. The method further enables the user mode component to ring a doorbell at the NVMe device. Finally, an NVMe command is processed in kernel mode using a second NVMe queue pair comprising a second SQ and a second CQ.

A signal driving circuit includes a first transmitting circuit having an input coupled to a source of a chip select signal and an output that is configured to switch within a first voltage range having a first amplitude, a second transmitting circuit having an input coupled to the source of the chip select signal and an output that is configured to switch within a second voltage range having a second amplitude, and an output node coupled to the output of the first transmitting circuit and the output of the second transmitting circuit. The first amplitude may be lower than the second amplitude.

In some embodiments, a system-on-chip, includes a central processing unit (CPU); an accelerator coupled to the CPU via a first die-to-die interconnect; and uniform memory coupled to the CPU via a second die-to-die interconnect. In some embodiments, in order to prevent use of accelerator memory for processing operations by the accelerator, the accelerator utilizes a uniform memory access tunneling system located in the accelerator to tunnel a high-level interconnect protocol associated with the second die-to-die interconnect to a die-to-die interconnect protocol associated with the first die-to-die interconnect, the uniform memory access tunneling system being configured to allow access to the uniform memory using a shared address space.

In some embodiments, a computer-implemented method includes receiving, at a security agent of a host central processing unit (CPU), accelerator firmware from flash memory; determining, at the security agent, whether the accelerator firmware includes a critical accelerator firmware component or a non-critical accelerator firmware component; authenticating, at the security agent, the critical accelerator firmware component instantaneously upon a determination that the accelerator firmware is the critical accelerator firmware component, wherein authenticating the critical accelerator firmware component yields an authenticated critical accelerator firmware component; and providing the authenticated critical accelerator firmware component to an accelerator via a sideband bus for execution at the accelerator.