A computer-aided design method for a building comprises the step of receiving, by a processor, an object to be placed in a grid that represents at least a subset of a building, the grid including a macro grid and a micro grid. The type of the object is determined by the processor. Based at least in part on determining that the type of the object is shell, the processor provides a user with the macro grid for placing the object, otherwise the processor provides the user with the micro grid for placing the object. A segment size of grid lines displayed in the macro grid is larger than the segment size of the grid lines displayed in the micro grid. The object is placed in a location in the grid based at least in part on instructions received from the user, and the grid is displayed to the user.

A computer-aided design method for a building comprises the step of receiving, by a processor, an object to be placed in a grid that represents at least a subset of a building, the grid including a macro grid and a micro grid. The type of the object is determined by the processor. Based at least in part on determining that the type of the object is shell, the processor provides a user with the macro grid for placing the object, otherwise the processor provides the user with the micro grid for placing the object. A segment size of grid lines displayed in the macro grid is larger than the segment size of the grid lines displayed in the micro grid. The object is placed in a location in the grid based at least in part on instructions received from the user, and the grid is displayed to the user.

A bridge structure dynamic response of a bridge structure under the action of heavy duty vehicle load is obtained through sensors arranged on the bridge structure; according to vertical vibration acceleration a.sub.o and vertical deflection y.sub.o of the bridge at a center of gravity o of the heavy duty vehicle and speed of the heavy duty vehicle U.sub.vehicle, a response of a table top of a vibration table is reconstructed, and interaction force of the vehicle-bridge coupling model is obtained; a nonlinear finite element model of the bridge structure is established, and the vehicle-bridge interaction force is taken as external force, and the dynamic response of the bridge structure is taken as a structural response, and modification of the finite element model of the bridge structure is completed through a nonlinear parameter identification method. The invention is mainly used for updating a bridge model.

A bridge structure dynamic response of a bridge structure under the action of heavy duty vehicle load is obtained through sensors arranged on the bridge structure; according to vertical vibration acceleration a.sub.o and vertical deflection y.sub.o of the bridge at a center of gravity o of the heavy duty vehicle and speed of the heavy duty vehicle U.sub.vehicle, a response of a table top of a vibration table is reconstructed, and interaction force of the vehicle-bridge coupling model is obtained; a nonlinear finite element model of the bridge structure is established, and the vehicle-bridge interaction force is taken as external force, and the dynamic response of the bridge structure is taken as a structural response, and modification of the finite element model of the bridge structure is completed through a nonlinear parameter identification method. The invention is mainly used for updating a bridge model.

Provided is an exponential model-based method for predicting a two-dimensional flow velocity field in a river channel with emergent vegetation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) with a center of an upstream boundary of an emergent vegetation patch as an origin, dividing the river channel into a vegetated region and a bare channel in a direction perpendicular to a streamwise direction namely, an x direction; (2) determining a model for predicting flow velocity distribution of a two-dimensional flow velocity field in the vegetated region and the bare channel and (3) determining the flow velocity U.sub.y=b at the side edge of the vegetation patch and the mean flow velocity U.sub.bare over transverse profiles in a streamwise direction of the bare channel.

A simulation system for designing a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system is provided. The system comprises an input interface configured to accept thermal data indicative of a target distribution of thermal state and environmental data, and a memory configured to store a building envelope model (BEM), an airflow dynamics model (ADM), and an HVAC model. The simulation system further comprises a processor configured to process the environmental data with the BEM to estimate thermal state of the air at the walls of the environment, and determine one or more design variables, by minimizing a multi-objective cost function. The simulation system further comprises an output interface configured to output the one or more design variables.

An object of the invention is to efficiently create a 3D model of a plant with attributes from a 3D model of a plant with no attributes. In order to solve the above problems, in the invention, a connection information conversion part 5 converts a connection relationship of parts extracted from a 3D model with no attributes 2 into connection information of a system diagram, an extraction information comparing part 6 compares the connection information with the connection relationship extracted from an attribute system diagram to create an conversion correspondence DB 7, and a 3D model with attributes 9 is created based on the conversion correspondence DB from the 3D model with no attributes 2.

A method for calculating a temperature-dependent mid-span vertical displacement of a girder bridge includes: setting a joint rotation of a main girder at each support as an unknown quantity, and establishing an equation according to a bending moment equilibrium condition at the joint; then introducing a sequence to establish a quantitative relationship between each unknown quantity; substituting the relationship into the equation, to obtain an analytical formula for a rotation at each joint; establishing an analytical formula for a bending moment at each joint through a principle of superposition; and finally, establishing an analytical formula for a mid-span vertical displacement of each span girder through a principle of virtual work. This method provides an analytical formula with exact solutions for prismatic girder bridges which have equal side spans yet have any number of spans.

A method for seismic loss assessment including receiving by a computer system computer-readable input data regarding a seismic hazard and building conditions, generating by the computer system one or more mitigation options and for each of the mitigation options, configuring the computer system to: determine a structural response, determine damage states from the structural response, determine an outcome of each of the damage states; and, output a representation of each of the outcomes for each of the damage states. The output is used in a seismic risk mitigation plan and/or design for one or more building structures.

A method for seismic loss assessment including receiving by a computer system computer-readable input data regarding a seismic hazard and building conditions, generating by the computer system one or more mitigation options and for each of the mitigation options, configuring the computer system to: determine a structural response, determine damage states from the structural response, determine an outcome of each of the damage states; and, output a representation of each of the outcomes for each of the damage states. The output is used in a seismic risk mitigation plan and/or design for one or more building structures.