A method for analyzing reachability of a Petri net and deriving the control-related state of the PN extended from the kth variant closed-form formula (CFF) system for numbers, comprising by proving that the first system Gen-Right(k, gen) and the second system Gen_Left(k, k−gen) are topological inverse networks of Gen-Left(k, gen), the first system and the second system An invertible one-to-one mapping between; wherein the first series Gen-Right(k, gen) and Gen-Left(k, k−gen) have the same closed-form formula, and by putting Gen-Left(k, gen) in the verified closed-form formula The parameter gen can be obtained by replacing it with k−gen, and its corresponding reachability state can be directly obtained through a reversible one-to-one mapping.

A method for analyzing reachability of a Petri net and deriving the control-related state of the PN extended from the kth variant closed-form formula (CFF) system for numbers, comprising by proving that the first system Gen-Right(k, gen) and the second system Gen_Left(k, k−gen) are topological inverse networks of Gen-Left(k, gen), the first system and the second system An invertible one-to-one mapping between; wherein the first series Gen-Right(k, gen) and Gen-Left(k, k−gen) have the same closed-form formula, and by putting Gen-Left(k, gen) in the verified closed-form formula The parameter gen can be obtained by replacing it with k−gen, and its corresponding reachability state can be directly obtained through a reversible one-to-one mapping.

A system and a method for calibrating a model of thermal dynamics of thermal state in an environment of a building conditioned by an operation of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is provided. The method includes receiving values of the control inputs to the actuators of the HVAC system and values of the thermal state at locations of the environment caused by the operation of the HVAC system according to the values of the control inputs, and computing a probabilistic surrogate model iteratively, using a Bayesian optimization, until a termination condition is met. The method further comprises outputting, when the termination condition is met, an optimal combination of the different parameters of the model of thermal dynamics having the largest likelihood of being a global minimum at the probabilistic surrogate model according to an acquisition function of the first two order moments of the calibration errors.

A system and a method for calibrating a model of thermal dynamics of thermal state in an environment of a building conditioned by an operation of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is provided. The method includes receiving values of the control inputs to the actuators of the HVAC system and values of the thermal state at locations of the environment caused by the operation of the HVAC system according to the values of the control inputs, and computing a probabilistic surrogate model iteratively, using a Bayesian optimization, until a termination condition is met. The method further comprises outputting, when the termination condition is met, an optimal combination of the different parameters of the model of thermal dynamics having the largest likelihood of being a global minimum at the probabilistic surrogate model according to an acquisition function of the first two order moments of the calibration errors.

Examples are disclosed relating computer simulation environments that comprise output models producing output data and input models waiting for a portion of output data. One example provides a computing system comprising a scheduler configured to determine if prerequisite data is available for each input model. On condition that the prerequisite data is available, the input model is stepped. The output models and input models are maintained within a predetermined number of steps of each other. A router is configured to, when a selected output model finishes a step, copy the output data from an output buffer of the selected output model and send the output data to an output queue. The output data is stored until a selected input model is ready to step the selected frame. The output data is then copied from the output queue into an input packet buffer of the selected input model.

A computer implemented method generates a Petri Net simulation model of an industrial controls system. The method includes providing a basic Petri Net system model employing a generic component model. The system model has at least two component places for generating parameterisation tokens, at least two family places for generating component instantiation tokens, and an architecture place for generating family instantiation tokens for the family place in response to an initial token. The method further includes providing a component family library including component family data, providing a component parameter list including component parameter data for each individual component of the Industrial Control System. Furthermore, the method includes assigning a unique identifier to each component of the component parameter list, assigning each component present in the component parameter list to one component family, and instantiating the basic Petri Net model by processing the component parameter list.

Provided is an evacuation prediction system with which it is possible to cope with various situations related to evacuation at the time of estimating the time required for the evacuation of disaster victims.

An evacuation prediction system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes model generating means for generating an evacuation sub-model representing an evacuation route for each evacuee and a position of the evacuee on the evacuation route, a recovery sub-model representing recovery status at each of trouble occurrence sites each of which is a site where a trouble occurred on the evacuation route, and relation information representing a relation between the evacuation sub-model and the recovery sub-model based on evacuation information relating to the evacuation route for the evacuee and recovery information relating to recovery timing at the trouble occurrence site, and analysis means for predicting time required for the evacuee to evacuate by analyzing the evacuation sub-model, the recovery sub-model, and the relation information.

Provided is a method and system of evaluating a constellation spare strategy based on a stochastic time Petri net, which is applied in the technical field of constellation operation management. The method comprises: constructing a single satellite STPN model and an orbital plane STPN model, and establishing a navigation constellation STPN model that includes multiple spare strategies according to the single satellite STPN model and the orbital plane STPN model; establishing an availability model according to the number of malfunctioning satellites and the constellation value (CV) in the navigation constellation STPN model, and establishing a cost model according to operating costs of the navigation constellation STPN model; and evaluating the navigation constellation STPN model using the availability model and the cost model, and determining a target spare strategy from the multiple spare strategies according to an evaluation result.

Provided is a method and system of evaluating a constellation spare strategy based on a stochastic time Petri net, which is applied in the technical field of constellation operation management. The method comprises: constructing a single satellite STPN model and an orbital plane STPN model, and establishing a navigation constellation STPN model that includes multiple spare strategies according to the single satellite STPN model and the orbital plane STPN model; establishing an availability model according to the number of malfunctioning satellites and the constellation value (CV) in the navigation constellation STPN model, and establishing a cost model according to operating costs of the navigation constellation STPN model; and evaluating the navigation constellation STPN model using the availability model and the cost model, and determining a target spare strategy from the multiple spare strategies according to an evaluation result.

Systems and methods are disclosed for generating designs for mechanical parts in a computer aided design (CAD) context. One method includes generating a model of a mechanical part, the model including one or more cells, wherein each cell is comprised of a plurality of parameterized representations, each of the plurality of parameterized representations representing a material property; determining, for each cell, a cell-specific parameter value for each of the parameterized representations; comparing, for each cell, each of the cell-specific parameter values to a corresponding threshold parameter value associated with each of the representations of the material properties; and generating at least one additional cell or removing at least one of the one or more cells based on the comparison of each cell-specific parameter value to the corresponding threshold parameter value.