The present invention enables an analysis device that utilizes light absorption to measure concentrations of target components by means of a simple calculation, and without any complex spectrum calculation processing being required, and analyzes target components that are contained in a sample, and is provided with a light source that emits modulated light whose wavelength is modulated relative to a central wavelength using a predetermined modulation frequency, a photodetector that detects an intensity of sample light obtained when the modulated light is transmitted through the sample, a correlation value calculation unit that calculates correlation values between intensity-related signals that are related to the intensity of the sample light, and predetermined feature signals, and a concentration calculation unit that calculates concentrations of the target components using the correlation values obtained by the correlation value calculation unit.

The present invention enables an analysis device that utilizes light absorption to measure concentrations of target components by means of a simple calculation, and without any complex spectrum calculation processing being required, and analyzes target components that are contained in a sample, and is provided with a light source that emits modulated light whose wavelength is modulated relative to a central wavelength using a predetermined modulation frequency, a photodetector that detects an intensity of sample light obtained when the modulated light is transmitted through the sample, a correlation value calculation unit that calculates correlation values between intensity-related signals that are related to the intensity of the sample light, and predetermined feature signals, and a concentration calculation unit that calculates concentrations of the target components using the correlation values obtained by the correlation value calculation unit.

A logarithmic amplifier includes a logarithmic current preamplifier circuit and logarithmic amplifier circuit. The logarithmic current preamplifier circuit includes an inverting input terminal, an output terminal, and a first diode. The first diode is coupled between the inverting input terminal of the logarithmic current preamplifier circuit and the output terminal of the logarithmic current preamplifier circuit. The logarithmic amplifier circuit includes an inverting input terminal, an output terminal, and a second diode. The inverting input terminal of the logarithmic amplifier circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the logarithmic current preamplifier circuit. The second diode is coupled between the inverting input terminal of the logarithmic amplifier circuit and the output terminal of the logarithmic amplifier circuit.

A logarithmic amplifier includes a logarithmic current preamplifier circuit and logarithmic amplifier circuit. The logarithmic current preamplifier circuit includes an inverting input terminal, an output terminal, and a first diode. The first diode is coupled between the inverting input terminal of the logarithmic current preamplifier circuit and the output terminal of the logarithmic current preamplifier circuit. The logarithmic amplifier circuit includes an inverting input terminal, an output terminal, and a second diode. The inverting input terminal of the logarithmic amplifier circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the logarithmic current preamplifier circuit. The second diode is coupled between the inverting input terminal of the logarithmic amplifier circuit and the output terminal of the logarithmic amplifier circuit.

A power detector has a signal input terminal, N limiting amplifiers, N rectifiers and a signal output terminal. N is an integer greater than 1. The signal input terminal receives an input signal, and the signal output terminal outputs a detection signal. The N limiting amplifiers generate N amplified signals according to N attenuated signals having different attenuation. Each limiting amplifier receives one of the N attenuated signals and outputs one of the N amplified signals. Each rectifier receives a corresponding amplified signal and outputs a rectified signal. The detection signal is associated with the sum of N rectified signals outputted from the N rectifiers, and all transistors of the power detector are bipolar junction transistors.

The present invention enables an analysis device that utilizes light absorption to measure concentrations of target components by means of a simple calculation, and without any complex spectrum calculation processing being required, and analyzes target components that are contained in a sample, and is provided with a light source that emits modulated light whose wavelength is modulated relative to a central wavelength using a predetermined modulation frequency, a photodetector that detects an intensity of sample light obtained when the modulated light is transmitted through the sample, a correlation value calculation unit that calculates correlation values between intensity-related signals that are related to the intensity of the sample light, and predetermined feature signals, and a concentration calculation unit that calculates concentrations of the target components using the correlation values obtained by the correlation value calculation unit.

The present invention enables an analysis device that utilizes light absorption to measure concentrations of target components by means of a simple calculation, and without any complex spectrum calculation processing being required, and analyzes target components that are contained in a sample, and is provided with a light source that emits modulated light whose wavelength is modulated relative to a central wavelength using a predetermined modulation frequency, a photodetector that detects an intensity of sample light obtained when the modulated light is transmitted through the sample, a correlation value calculation unit that calculates correlation values between intensity-related signals that are related to the intensity of the sample light, and predetermined feature signals, and a concentration calculation unit that calculates concentrations of the target components using the correlation values obtained by the correlation value calculation unit.

Multipliers are fundamental building blocks in signal processing, including in emerging applications such as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) that predominantly utilize digital-mode multipliers. Generally, digital multipliers can operate at high speed with high precision, and synchronously. As the precision and speed of digital multipliers increase, generally the dynamic power consumption and chip size of digital implementations increases substantially that makes solutions unsuitable for some ML and AI segments, including in portable, mobile, or near edge and near sensor applications. The present invention discloses embodiments of multipliers that arrange data-converters to perform the multiplication function, operating in mixed-mode (both digital and analog), and capable of low power consumptions and asynchronous operations, which makes them suitable for low power ML and AI applications.

Numerous embodiments for processing the current output of a vector-by-matrix multiplication (VMM) array in an artificial neural network are disclosed. The embodiments comprise a summer circuit and an activation function circuit. The summer circuit and/or the activation function circuit comprise circuit elements that can be adjusted in response to the total possible current received from the VMM to optimize power consumption.

Systems, devices, and methods including a first band-pass filter configured to receive and filter a detector signal, where the first band-pass filter has a central frequency of 2f; a second band-pass filter configured to receive and filter the detector signal where the second band-pass filter has a central frequency of 1f; a first logarithmic amplifier (Log Amp) configured to apply the filtered detector signal from the first band-pass filter; a second Log Amp configured to apply the filtered detector signal from the second band-pass filter; a differential amplifier configured to subtract the applied signal from the first Log Amp from the applied signal from the second Log Amp; and an Anti-Log Amplifier configured to determine an inverse logarithm of the subtracted signal from the differential amplifier.