To manage property records using a multi-layered hybrid distributed ledger architecture, identification information for a particular property is obtained and transmitted to at least one participant in a public distributed ledger network for a public distributed ledger layer. Ownership information for the same particular property is obtained and transmitted to at least one participant in a federated distributed ledger network for a federated distributed ledger layer. Transaction-related documents for the same particular property are obtained and transmitted to at least one participant in a private distributed ledger network for a private distributed ledger. The distributed ledger layers are different layers of a property distributed ledger each having a separate set of consensus rules for appending distributed ledger data to the respective layer. This allows for the immutable preservation of royalty terms and conditions for a property or asset using the distributed ledger.

The instant disclosure illustrates how the privacy and security of activities occurring on distributed ledger-based networks (DLNs) can be enhanced with the use of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) that can be used to verify the validity of at least some aspects of the activities without private information related to the activities necessarily being revealed publicly. Methods and systems that are directed at facilitating the tracking and recovery of assets stolen on ZKP-enabled DLNs while preserving the confidentiality of the tokens are presented herein.

System and method are described for creating and validating identities across multiple blockchains. According to an embodiment, a system uses decentralized resources to receive an enrollment request comprising entity information to create a multi-chain identity of an entity and create an account with a global identifier for the entity and one or more decentralized identities (DIDs), each associated with a cryptographic blockchain of a set of supported cryptographic blockchains. The system maintains a mapping of the global identifier and the one or more DIDs created, share the global identifier and the one or more decentralized identities in a digital wallet associated with the entity. In an embodiment, the digital wallet is implemented as an application to be run on a computing device associated with the entity. The digital wallet stores the global identifier, the one or more decentralized identities, and corresponding cryptographic keypairs associated with each of the one or more DIDs.

A method is provided. The method includes receiving a request to conduct a transaction with a merchant, requesting approval of the request, receiving approval of the request, verifying the transaction, receiving a first data, receiving a second data, determining a first distance between the first computing device and the second computing device based on the first and second data, determining that the first distance between the first computing device and second computing device satisfies a first predetermined distance threshold, receiving a third data, the third computing device being associated with the second user, determining a second distance between the third computing device and the second computing device based on the third and second data, determining that the second distance between the third computing device and the second computing device satisfies a second predetermined distance threshold, and approving the transaction.

Systems and methods are provided for managing shared expenses. The systems and methods may include a financial service provider identifying shared expenses in a customer's transaction history with software application executed on a server or personal computing device. The financial service provider may identify other individuals with whom the customer shares the expense, and send requests for reimbursement on the customer's behalf. The financial service provider ay monitor the status of reimbursement payments, and send reminders as necessary until the shared expense has been reimbursed.

A method for optimizing blockchain storage size through use of relative values includes: receiving, by a blockchain node in a blockchain network that manages a blockchain, a plurality of blockchain data values, each including unspent transaction outputs, at least one destination address, and, for each destination address, an original currency amount; identifying a base value; modifying the original currency amount included in each blockchain data value to be a relative currency amount based on a difference between the identified base value and the original currency amount; generating a new block, the new block including a block header and the modified plurality of blockchain data values; and transmitting the generated new block to a plurality of additional nodes in the blockchain network.

Different aspects of the invention implement an enhanced DLT system, and corresponding method, that allows the peer-to-peer transmission of huge amounts of data packets of content between users, and to be stored in the DLT network, in a secure, trustworthy and efficient manner. By allowing the interface between any type of existing layer 1 DLT network, it does not require the complex, slow, costly and highly risk process involved in the generation of a new layer 1 DLT network. It opens up the range of possible applications of the DLT network to applications in Big Data, IOT, Web 3, MMOG, or any other environment that needs the trust provided by the immutability of data stored in the DLT network.

The present disclosure relates to a method for approving the use of a card by using a token-ID, wherein, in a state where a card token ID, identification information of a user, a push token ID, and a public key of the user are registered in a blockchain database and a blockchain transaction ID corresponding thereto is managed, when payment request information is acquired, a relay server: requests authentication of order data from a user terminal; checks whether a user signature value obtained in response to the authentication request is valid, and registers the order data in the blockchain database; and registers, in the blockchain database, approval result information which is obtained through verification of the order data by a financial server, and transmits the approval result information to at least one of a service providing terminal and the user terminal.

An example operation includes one or more of solving, by a scheduler node, integer programming problem of maximizing a sum of organizations' endorsing peers that run chaincodes from a plurality of chaincodes within a consortium, making, by the scheduler node, endorsement policies (EPs) for the chaincodes from the plurality of the chaincodes to be satisfiable at any time, applying administrator's constraint of available endorsing peers to the maximized sum of organizations' endorsing peers, and adding resulting endorsing peers to a maintenance list.

The present disclosure relates to a payment system and method using a real-name account of a seller, the system and method being expanded from universal payment gateway (PG) platforms to the over the top (OTT) platform market and, more specifically, a payment system and method in which a payment exclusive account (hereinafter, payment account) opened in the real-name of a seller is used by default so that, in non-face-to-face electronic commerce, transactions may be conducted in real-time through live broadcasts between a plurality of unspecified sellers and a plurality of unspecified buyers at home and abroad, thereby enabling convenient, speedy, and safe processing with reduced processing costs.