The present invention comprises an enrolment method comprising steps of: acquisition (100) of an image showing a photograph itself showing an individual, extraction (102), from the image of a characteristic of the image other than a biometric model, obtaining (104) personal data of the individual other than by the image-processing algorithm, generation (106) of a reference datum (W) from the characteristic of the image and the obtained personal data, calculation (108) of an encoded datum (s) by application of an encoding procedure to the reference datum (W) and to a random datum (c), calculation (110) of a hash (h(c) of the random datum, storage (112) in a database of the datum encoded (s) in association with the hash. The invention also comprises an identity-control method using such stored data.

A method is provided for checking a substrate with a specified luminescent substance incorporated and/or applied areally. A substrate luminescent characteristic value for the substrate is ascertained, for which purpose a number N of luminescence intensity values are captured at respectively different locations on the value document, and the substrate luminescence characteristic value is ascertained in dependence on a rank order of the luminescence intensity values. It can be checked whether the substrate luminescence characteristic value meets a specified criterion.

Described is a chiral liquid crystal polymer (CLCP) layer or pattern which comprises randomly distributed craters of controlled mean diameter and/or density. The density and/or mean diameter of the craters can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the wetting of a substrate by a CLCP precursor composition, the development time of the precursor composition, and the thickness of the applied precursor composition.

[Problem] To easily and accurately perform authentication at low cost.

[Means to Solve Problem] Provided is an authentication object C1 that serves as a target of authentication performed by an authentication system, comprising an authentication medium M1 having authentication information that includes a feature related to a pattern of a part of a phase separation structure formed on a substrate from a resin composition for phase separation structure formation and is to be acquired by an acquisition device provided in the authentication system.

In a general aspect, orientation information is used to generate a unique code. In some aspects, orientation information is extracted from an object. The object includes multiple elements, and the orientation information indicates the relative spatial orientations of the respective elements. The orientation information can be extracted, for instance, by a scanner system that detects the elements. A unique code is generated for the object based on the orientation information. In some examples, the elements are diamond particles that each have one or more color centers, and the orientation information is extracted by detecting the color centers.

In a general aspect, orientation information is used to generate a unique code. In some aspects, orientation information is extracted from an object. The object includes multiple elements, and the orientation information indicates the relative spatial orientations of the respective elements. The orientation information can be extracted, for instance, by a scanner system that detects the elements. A unique code is generated for the object based on the orientation information. In some examples, the elements are diamond particles that each have one or more color centers, and the orientation information is extracted by detecting the color centers.

The present invention relates to an article comprising fluorescence marker particles, wherein the fluorescence marker particles are distributed throughout the volume of the article or in a portion of the volume of the article and the fluorescence marker particles are present in a random distribution; the volume in which the fluorescence marker particles are distributed comprises a sub-volume; the sub-volume contains at least a portion of the fluorescence marker particles; the sub-volume is at least partially permeable to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the visible range and/or in the near infrared range and/or in the UVA range; and/or a portion of the surface of the sub-volume is identical to a portion of the surface of the article; and a method of identifying it.

In a general aspect, orientation information is used to generate a unique code. In some aspects, orientation information is extracted from an object. The object includes multiple elements, and the orientation information indicates the relative spatial orientations of the respective elements. The orientation information can be extracted, for instance, by a scanner system that detects the elements. A unique code is generated for the object based on the orientation information. In some examples, the elements are diamond particles that each have one or more color centers, and the orientation information is extracted by detecting the color centers.

In a general aspect, unique unclonable physical identifiers are applied and used. A method of applying the unique marker can include receiving an object having a surface feature and forming a unique marker on the surface feature of the object. The unique marker includes a distribution of elements and conforms with a morphology of the surface feature. The method further includes extracting orientation information from the unique marker. The orientation information can indicate relative spatial orientations of the respective elements. The method additionally includes generating a unique code for the object based on the orientation information. The surface feature can be facets, surface patterns, textures, or other indentations of the object. The surface feature can include a region of the object that is susceptible to tampering.

A method of marking an article for authentication, the comprising the steps of applying an identification mark to an article, said mark comprising an array of varying sized markings, where the combination of the shape, the spatial distribution and the varying sizes of the markings imparts a distinctiveness to the identification mark recording the identification mark in a database and associating information relating to the article with the identification mark in the database, wherein comparison of the identification mark on the article and the database enables the identification mark to be associated with the information relating to the article on the database.