Braille writing devices and systems, and corresponding methods of writing braille characters on a tape medium are described herein. The devices and systems emboss tactile dots on different types of tape medium to enable braille character writing and advance the tape medium to create accurate and repeatable spacing of the braille characters. The devices and systems may be comprised of simply molded plastic parts that snap together using elastically averaging precision alignment features.

Braille writing devices and systems, and corresponding methods of writing braille characters on a tape medium are described herein. The devices and systems emboss tactile dots on different types of tape medium to enable braille character writing and advance the tape medium to create accurate and repeatable spacing of the braille characters. The devices and systems may be comprised of simply molded plastic parts that snap together using elastically averaging precision alignment features.

An adapter for a tactile display is disclosed. The adapter can be used with a tactile display, such as a display that presents braille characters, to change or modify what is presented to a user. In some embodiments, the braille dots which make up a braille character can be made smaller or larger; spaced closer together or further apart; have a different shape; and/or an image or non-braille characters can be presented to a user of the tactile display using the disclosed adapter.

An adapter for a tactile display is disclosed. The adapter can be used with a tactile display, such as a display that presents braille characters, to change or modify what is presented to a user. In some embodiments, the braille dots which make up a braille character can be made smaller or larger; spaced closer together or further apart; have a different shape; and/or an image or non-braille characters can be presented to a user of the tactile display using the disclosed adapter.

According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for dynamic braille actuation is provided. The embodiment may include receiving a plurality of media. The embodiment may also include translating one or more visual elements of the received plurality of media to braille. The embodiment may further include generating a plurality of protrusions corresponding to the one or more translated visual elements on a surface of a stretchable display screen using microfluidic actuation.

The present invention discloses completely digitized, smart, interactive and connected system (100) for braille learning. The invention also provides platform for consuming coupled audio-braille tactile lessons that include voice and braille data input or output serving as educational tool for visually challenged. The smart interactive system comprises a braille keyboard (117), a digital braille 10 slate (116), a proximity touch sensor (120) for input, a large braille display (110) and standard braille display (108), a vibration motor (119) and a speaker (113) for haptic and audio data output. The digital braille slate (116) gives both mechanical tactile feedback and audio feedback via speaker (115) as each braille dots are pressed using the stylus (306). The system (100) is connected to the internet 15 allowing for remote software and content updates and upload of data on usage metrics.

Provided is an information output apparatus including one or more information output units, wherein each information output unit includes a coil arranged to be connected to a power source, such that a current flows in the coil; a base unit configured to accommodate the coil; and a driving indicator, which is arranged in the base unit to be apart from and close to the coil to be driven by a current flowing in the coil and is configured to move in a first direction toward the coil and a direction opposite thereto to rotate while being connected to the base unit and to move in a second direction crossing the first direction to be recognized by a user.

Provided is an information output apparatus including one or more information output units, wherein each information output unit includes a coil arranged to be connected to a power source, such that a current flows in the coil; a base unit configured to accommodate the coil; and a driving indicator, which is arranged in the base unit to be apart from and close to the coil to be driven by a current flowing in the coil and is configured to move in a first direction toward the coil and a direction opposite thereto to rotate while being connected to the base unit and to move in a second direction crossing the first direction to be recognized by a user.

Keyboards that are selectably configurable between a standard interface and a braille interface. In embodiments, the keyboard is equipped with six keys corresponding to six dots of a braille matrix, each of the keys equipped with a shape memory alloy spring or other mechanism to cause each of the keys to selectably extend above the keyboard plane. On activation, the six keys are extended and the remaining keys deactivated, to provide an easy to locate braille interface. On subsequent activation, the six keys are retracted and the keyboard is reverted to a standard interface. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Methods for automatic calibration of a braille interface. In embodiments, a user begins typing braille characters in 2×3 matrix into an interface without an initial calibration step. The implementing system detects the patterns of the keystrokes and determines the orientation and placement of the user's hands by comparing the keystrokes against known braille characters, identifying which row and column of the 2×3 matrix within which each finger is positioned. The interface is then calibrated based on the identified positions of the fingers within the 2×3 matrix. For touch interfaces, the surface area of each finger may also be used to enhance identification of fingers. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.