The present invention provides improved driving methods for four particle electrophoretic displays. The driving methods improve the color state performance when a first pixel is displaying a mixed state of a first highly-charged particle and a second lower-charged particle of the opposite polarity, while a neighboring pixel is displaying a state of a second highly-charged particle having the opposite polarity to the first highly-charged particle. The particles can be, for example, all reflective or one type of particle can be partially light transmissive.

Some embodiments are directed to a light modulator comprising transparent or reflective substrates, multiple electrodes being applied to the substrates in a pattern across the substrate. A controller may apply an electric potential to the electrodes to obtain an electro-magnetic field between the electrodes providing electrophoretic movement of the particles towards or from an electrode.

The present invention provides improved driving methods for four particle electrophoretic displays. The driving methods improve the color state performance when a first pixel is displaying a mixed state of a first highly-charged particle and a second lower-charged particle of the opposite polarity, while a neighboring pixel is displaying a state of a second highly-charged particle having the opposite polarity to the first highly-charged particle. The particles can be, for example, all reflective or one type of particle can be partially light transmissive.

The present invention provides four-particle electrophoretic displays with improved driving methods to achieve better color separation between adjacent pixel electrodes. The driving methods improve the color state performance when a first pixel is displaying a mixed state of a first highly-charged particle and a second lower-charged particle of the opposite polarity, while a neighboring pixel is displaying a state of a second highly-charged particle having the opposite polarity to the first highly-charged particle. The particles can be, for example, all reflective or one type of particle can be partially light transmissive.

A driving backplane, a display panel and a display device are disclosed. The driving backplane includes: a base substrate; a plurality of pixel driving circuits located on the base substrate; an electrode located on a side of each of the pixel driving circuits facing away from the base substrate and coupled with the pixel driving circuits; and a potential wire located between the electrode and the base substrate and coupled with the pixel driving circuits. Every at least two pixel driving circuits are coupled with a same signal line through a multiplexing controller, an orthographic projection of the controller on the base substrate completely falls into a range of a corresponding micro light emitting diode bonding region, and an orthographic projection of a control wire coupled with the controller on the base substrate completely falls into a range of an orthographic projection of the potential wire on the base substrate.

A device can include a first display configured to produce an image and a second display. The second display can be non-emissive and transparent. The second display can also include a plurality of pixels that is electronically controllable to selectively diffuse light associated with the image produced by the first display.

A display device can include a first display configured to produce an image and a plurality of transparent displays. Each of the plurality of transparent displays can be configured to produce a slice of the image to provide depth and a three-dimensional effect to the image, or at least one of the plurality of transparent displays can be configured to block, diffuse, or scatter light associated with the image produced by the first display so that different ones of a plurality of users see different content derived from the image produced by the first display. Each of the transparent displays can be substantially transparent. Further, at least one of the plurality of transparent displays can be made using Smectic A liquid crystals.

A system can include a projection layer. The projection layer can include a plurality of pixels. The plurality of pixels can be electronically controllable to vary appearance of at least one of the plurality of pixels in coordination with an image projected onto the projection layer.

A device can include a first transparent display having a at least one pixel, wherein transparency of the at least one pixel is electronically controlled, and a second transparent display configured to emit an image. Selected regions of the image are shown by having regions of the second transparent display corresponding to the selected regions of the image be transparent and regions of the first transparent display corresponding to the selected regions of the image appear opaque.

A method for driving an electro-optic display having a front electrode, a backplane and a display medium positioned between the front electrode and the backplane, the method comprising of applying a first driving phase to the display medium, the first driving phase having a first signal and a second signal, the first signal having a first polarity, a first amplitude as a function of time, and a first duration, the second signal succeeding the first signal and having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, a second amplitude as a function of time, and a second duration, such that the sum of the first amplitude as a function of time integrated over the first duration and the second amplitude as a function of time integrated over the second duration produces a first impulse offset. The method further comprising applying a second driving phase to the display medium, the second driving phase produces a second impulse offset, wherein the sum of the first and second impulse offset is substantially zero