Described herein are techniques for synthesizing waves (e.g., audio waveforms) at various frequencies. For example, techniques described herein may be used to render musical notes by generating audio waveforms. According to some embodiments, the techniques generate a wave table for an audio waveform based on a set of partial waveforms. The system determines a set of notes with a corresponding entry in the wave table and determines a set of partials for each note. The system renders, for each note, an associated waveform comprising the associated number of partials for the note from the set of partial waveforms.

Systems and methods are provided to implement and facilitate cross-fading, interstitials and other effects/processing of two or more media elements in a personalized media delivery service. Effects or crossfade processing can occur on the broadcast, publisher or server-side, but can still be personalized to a specific user, in a manner that minimizes processing on the downstream side or client device. The cross-fade can be implemented after decoding, processing, re-encoding, and rechunking the relevant chunks of each component clip. Alternatively, the cross-fade or other effect can be implemented on the relevant chunks in the compressed domain, thus obviating any loss of quality by re-encoding. A large scale personalized content delivery service can limit the processing to essentially the first and last chunks of any file, there being no need to process the full clip.

Systems and methods are provided to implement and facilitate cross-fading, interstitials and other effects/processing of two or more media elements in a personalized media delivery service. Effects or crossfade processing can occur on the broadcast, publisher or server-side, but can still be personalized to a specific user, in a manner that minimizes processing on the downstream side or client device. The cross-fade can be implemented after decoding, processing, re-encoding, and rechunking the relevant chunks of each component clip. Alternatively, the cross-fade or other effect can be implemented on the relevant chunks in the compressed domain, thus obviating any loss of quality by re-encoding. A large scale personalized content delivery service can limit the processing to essentially the first and last chunks of any file, there being no need to process the full clip.

The invention provides an audio encoder for encoding an audio signal so as to produce therefrom an encoded signal, the audio encoder including: a framing device configured to extract frames from the audio signal; a quantizer configured to map spectral lines of a spectrum signal derived from the frame of the audio signal to quantization indices, wherein the quantizer has a dead-zone, in which the input spectral lines are mapped to quantization index zero; and a control device configured to modify the dead-zone; wherein the control device includes a tonality calculating device configured to calculate at least one tonality indicating value for at least one spectrum line or for at least one group of spectral lines, wherein the control device is configured to modify the dead-zone for the at least one spectrum line or the at least one group of spectrum lines depending on the respective tonality indicating value.

The invention provides an audio encoder for encoding an audio signal so as to produce therefrom an encoded signal, the audio encoder including: a framing device configured to extract frames from the audio signal; a quantizer configured to map spectral lines of a spectrum signal derived from the frame of the audio signal to quantization indices, wherein the quantizer has a dead-zone, in which the input spectral lines are mapped to quantization index zero; and a control device configured to modify the dead-zone; wherein the control device includes a tonality calculating device configured to calculate at least one tonality indicating value for at least one spectrum line or for at least one group of spectral lines, wherein the control device is configured to modify the dead-zone for the at least one spectrum line or the at least one group of spectrum lines depending on the respective tonality indicating value.

Multiple example valve amplifiers are provided. A first example valve amplifier is provided which comprises (i) a valve power amplifier switchable between a high-power mode and a low-power mode and (ii) a loudspeaker simulator circuit, the valve amplifier being configured such that the valve power amplifier drives the loudspeaker simulator circuit in the low-power mode. A second example valve amplifier is provided which comprises a switched-mode power supply, SMPS, system), the SMPS system comprising (i) an SMPS and (ii) circuitry configured to enable an output impedance of the SMPS to be switched between first and second output impedances, the first output impedance being lower than the second output impedance.

Multiple example valve amplifiers are provided. A first example valve amplifier is provided which comprises (i) a valve power amplifier switchable between a high-power mode and a low-power mode and (ii) a loudspeaker simulator circuit, the valve amplifier being configured such that the valve power amplifier drives the loudspeaker simulator circuit in the low-power mode. A second example valve amplifier is provided which comprises a switched-mode power supply, SMPS, system), the SMPS system comprising (i) an SMPS and (ii) circuitry configured to enable an output impedance of the SMPS to be switched between first and second output impedances, the first output impedance being lower than the second output impedance.

A mobility sound generation apparatus of generating a sound suitable for a landscape while driving of a mobility may include an information acquisition device provided in a mobility to acquire information on an outside landscape of the mobility while driving of the mobility; a sound generation device configured to generate a sound corresponding to the information on the outside landscape; and a sound output device configured to output the generated sound, whereby it is possible to acquire information on an outside landscape while driving of the mobility and generate a sound corresponding to the information on the outside landscape and it is possible for facilitating an occupant to admire a landscape by expressing the outside landscape with sound while driving to generate and provide the sound corresponding to water, mountains, buildings or the like forming the outside landscape of the mobility.

A method and system for shaping the tone by modular circuit bending and modding of electric and electronic music instruments, audio amplifiers and sound equipment. The design of the system consists of a modding structure of a plurality of inserts, inputs and outputs connections for compatible modules, to reconfigure the electronic circuit without the physical changing of component values and without adding or removing electronic parts of the audio equipment by soldering. A plurality of tone modules for shaping the sound by the intervention into the signal path and a plurality of modules for shaping the tone by other sound design methods that are not part of the signal path are provided. For the modular system, an external device can be used as a multiplier, which consists of a plurality of inserts, inputs and outputs connections for compatible modules also including a plurality of combined series/parallel circuits of freely selectable inputs and outputs for the direct swap of a plurality of modding modules. In addition, switching options are available to control bypass, for advanced series or parallel connections, and for AB testing capabilities. The modular modding system can be used as a standalone device or as an upgrade to existing equipment.

A method and system for shaping the tone by modular circuit bending and modding of electric and electronic music instruments, audio amplifiers and sound equipment. The design of the system consists of a modding structure of a plurality of inserts, inputs and outputs connections for compatible modules, to reconfigure the electronic circuit without the physical changing of component values and without adding or removing electronic parts of the audio equipment by soldering. A plurality of tone modules for shaping the sound by the intervention into the signal path and a plurality of modules for shaping the tone by other sound design methods that are not part of the signal path are provided. For the modular system, an external device can be used as a multiplier, which consists of a plurality of inserts, inputs and outputs connections for compatible modules also including a plurality of combined series/parallel circuits of freely selectable inputs and outputs for the direct swap of a plurality of modding modules. In addition, switching options are available to control bypass, for advanced series or parallel connections, and for AB testing capabilities. The modular modding system can be used as a standalone device or as an upgrade to existing equipment.