A parameter determination device includes: a spectral envelope estimating portion performing estimation of a spectral envelope using a parameter .sub.0 specified in a predetermined method, regarding the .sub.0-th power of absolute values of a frequency domain sample sequence corresponding to a time-series signal as a power spectrum on the assumption that the parameter .sub.0 and a parameter are positive numbers; a whitened spectral sequence generating portion obtaining a whitened spectral sequence which is a sequence obtained by dividing the frequency domain sample sequence by the spectral envelope; and a parameter acquiring portion determining such a parameter that generalized Gaussian distribution with the parameter as a shape parameter approximates a histogram of the whitened spectral sequence.

Systems and methods for structuring information include determining information quantity (IQ) and information value (IV) in an original digital information file (ODIF). An initial manipulation process applied to the ODIF forms a first resulting DIF (FRDIF), and a subsequent manipulation process applied to the FRDIF forms a second resulting DIF, wherein each manipulation process removes at least one element of the processed DIF and/or represents an element combination with a representative element and a first indicia of an interrelationship between the representative element and one or more elements in the combination, to reduce the IQ of the processed DIF, while retaining the IV thereof within a threshold. Manipulation processes are successively applied to the previously resulting DIF until successive applications do not achieve a threshold reduction in IQ. The last resulting DIF has a primary structure with a reduced IQ and an IV within the threshold of the original IV.

A parameter determination device includes: a spectral envelope estimating portion performing estimation of a spectral envelope using a parameter .sub.0 specified in a predetermined method, regarding the .sub.0-th power of absolute values of a frequency domain sample sequence corresponding to a time-series signal as a power spectrum on the assumption that the parameter .sub.0 and a parameter are positive numbers; a whitened spectral sequence generating portion obtaining a whitened spectral sequence which is a sequence obtained by dividing the frequency domain sample sequence by the spectral envelope; and a parameter acquiring portion determining such a parameter that generalized Gaussian distribution with the parameter as a shape parameter approximates a histogram of the whitened spectral sequence.

Systems and methods for structuring information include determining information quantity (IQ) and information value (IV) in an original digital information file (ODIF). An initial manipulation process applied to the ODIF forms a first resulting DIF (FRDIF), and a subsequent manipulation process applied to the FRDIF forms a second resulting DIF, wherein each manipulation process removes at least one element of the processed DIF and/or represents an element combination with a representative element and a first indicia of an interrelationship between the representative element and one or more elements in the combination, to reduce the IQ of the processed DIF, while retaining the IV thereof within a threshold. Manipulation processes are successively applied to the previously resulting DIF until successive applications do not achieve a threshold reduction in IQ. The last resulting DIF has a primary structure with a reduced IQ and an IV within the threshold of the original IV.