An energy-efficient and area-efficient, mitigation of errors in a memory media device that are caused by row hammer attacks and the like is described. The detection of errors is deterministically performed while maintaining, in an SRAM, a number of row access counters that is smaller than the total number of rows protected in the memory media device. The reduction of the number of required counters is achieved by aliasing a plurality of rows that are being protected to each counter. The mitigation may be implemented on a per-bank basis, per-channel basis or per-memory media device basis. The memory media device may be DRAM.

A memory refresh method is applied to a computer system including a processor, a memory controller, and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The memory controller receives a first plurality of access requests from the processor. The memory controller refreshes a first rank in a plurality of ranks at shortened interval set to T/N when a quantity of target ranks to be accessed by the first plurality of access requests is less than a first threshold and a proportion of read requests in the first plurality of access requests or a proportion of write requests in the first plurality of access requests is greater than a second threshold. T is a standard average refresh interval, and N is greater than 1. The memory refresh technology provided in this application can improve performance of the computer system in a memory refresh process.

A semiconductor device includes a monitoring circuit suitable for generating a monitoring signal indicating whether a speed of a memory clock signal is changed based on a speed information signal representing speed information of the memory clock signal; a cycle control circuit suitable for generating a refresh cycle control signal for controlling a refresh cycle based on a system clock signal, the memory clock signal, the monitoring signal and a refresh flag signal; and a control circuit suitable for generating the memory clock signal and the refresh flag signal based on the speed information signal, the system clock signal and the refresh cycle control signal.

Methods of operating a memory device are disclosed. A method may include determining an amount of activity associated with at least one memory bank of a memory device. The method may further include adjusting a row hammer refresh rate for the at least one memory bank based on the amount of activity associated with the at least one memory bank. Memory devices and systems are also described.

The present embodiments provide a system that supports self-refreshing operations in a memory device. During operation, the system transitions the memory device from an auto-refresh state, wherein a memory controller controls refreshing operations for the memory device, to a self-refresh state, wherein the memory device controls the refreshing operations. While the memory device is in the self-refresh state, the system sends progress information for the refreshing operations from the memory device to the memory controller. Next, upon returning from the self-refresh state to the auto-refresh state, the system uses the progress information received from the memory device to control the sequencing of subsequent operations by the memory controller.

A semiconductor memory includes a main memory area and a tag memory area. A plurality of memory groups are set in the main memory area and a plurality of flag bits are set in the tag memory area. Each of the plurality of memory groups has a corresponding relationship with one of the plurality of flag bit. The flag bit is at least configured to indicate whether at least one memory cell in the memory group has a specific state. The specific state includes an occupied state.

The present embodiments provide a system that supports self-refreshing operations in a memory device. During operation, the system transitions the memory device from an auto-refresh state, wherein a memory controller controls refreshing operations for the memory device, to a self-refresh state, wherein the memory device controls the refreshing operations. While the memory device is in the self-refresh state, the system sends progress information for the refreshing operations from the memory device to the memory controller. Next, upon returning from the self-refresh state to the auto-refresh state, the system uses the progress information received from the memory device to control the sequencing of subsequent operations by the memory controller.

A memory device coupled to a memory controller and including a memory array and an access circuit is provided. The memory array includes a plurality of cells. Each of the cells is coupled to a word-line. The access circuit is coupled between the memory controller and the memory array. In a normal mode, the access circuit executes a refresh action for the cells which are coupled to at least one word-line in response to the memory controller outputting an auto-refresh command. In a standby mode, the access circuit selects one of the word-lines and determines whether to execute the refresh action for the cells coupled to the selected word-line according to the retention capability of the selected word-line at regular time intervals.

A memory system includes: a memory controller suitable for generating a first target address by sampling an address according to an active command, and providing the active command, a precharge command, a normal refresh command, the address and the first target address, to a memory device; and the memory device suitable for generating a first target refresh command according to the precharge command and the address, and refreshing one or more word lines corresponding to the first target address according to the first target refresh command.

An electronic system includes a controller configured to detect a bank in a standby state for a write operation between a first bank and a second bank during a refresh operation period and output data for performing a post-write operation to the bank in the standby state for the write operation. The electronic system also includes an electronic device including the first and second banks. The electronic device is configured to latch the data in an input/output control circuit connected to the bank in the standby state for the write operation.