A system may include a magnetic shape memory (MSM) element having a long axis that extends from a first end of the MSM element to a second end of the MSM element. The system may further include a first solenoid, where a longitudinal axis of the first solenoid is positioned at a first angle relative to the long axis of the MSM element. The system may also include a second solenoid, where a longitudinal axis of the second solenoid is positioned at a second angle relative to the long axis of the MSM element and at a third angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first solenoid, where the longitudinal axis of the first solenoid and the longitudinal axis of the second solenoid are not parallel.

A system may include a magnetic shape memory (MSM) element having a long axis that extends from a first end of the MSM element to a second end of the MSM element. The system may further include a first solenoid, where a longitudinal axis of the first solenoid is positioned at a first angle relative to the long axis of the MSM element. The system may also include a second solenoid, where a longitudinal axis of the second solenoid is positioned at a second angle relative to the long axis of the MSM element and at a third angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first solenoid, where the longitudinal axis of the first solenoid and the longitudinal axis of the second solenoid are not parallel.

A high-temperature bimetal capable of being inhibited from considerably shifting from an original position when the temperature has fallen to an ordinary temperature is provided. This high-temperature bimetal (1) includes a high thermal expansion layer (2) made of austenitic stainless steel and a low thermal expansion layer (3) made of a thermosensitive magnetic metal having a Curie point and bonded to the high thermal expansion layer. The high-temperature bimetal is employed over both a high temperature range of not less than the Curie point and a low temperature range of less than the Curie point, while an upper limit of operating temperatures in the high temperature range of not less than the Curie point is at least 500° C.

A high-temperature bimetal capable of being inhibited from considerably shifting from an original position when the temperature has fallen to an ordinary temperature is provided. This high-temperature bimetal (1) includes a high thermal expansion layer (2) made of austenitic stainless steel and a low thermal expansion layer (3) made of a thermosensitive magnetic metal having a Curie point and bonded to the high thermal expansion layer. The high-temperature bimetal is employed over both a high temperature range of not less than the Curie point and a low temperature range of less than the Curie point, while an upper limit of operating temperatures in the high temperature range of not less than the Curie point is at least 500° C.

Example implementations include a camera and a thermal management apparatus for a camera including an outer housing walls, an inner bracket for mounting a camera component. The camera and thermal management apparatus further includes a thermal bridge assembly for selectively increasing a thermal conductivity between the inner bracket and the outer housing walls.

Example implementations include a camera and a thermal management apparatus for a camera including an outer housing walls, an inner bracket for mounting a camera component. The camera and thermal management apparatus further includes a thermal bridge assembly for selectively increasing a thermal conductivity between the inner bracket and the outer housing walls.

Example implementations include a camera and a thermal management apparatus for a camera including an outer housing walls, an inner bracket for mounting a camera component. The camera and thermal management apparatus further includes a thermal bridge assembly for selectively increasing a thermal conductivity between the inner bracket and the outer housing walls.

A metamaterial having a programmed thermal expansion when exposed to a temperature condition is described. The metamaterial includes a lattice structure composed of a plurality of interconnected unit cells, each of the unit cells comprising two or more bi-material building blocks having first material elements and second material elements. The first material elements have a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the second material elements having a second CTE, the first CTE being greater than the second CTE. The bi-material building blocks have a topology with two or more vertices formed at junctions between said first material elements and said second material elements. One of the first material elements interconnects and extends between two of the second material elements at the vertices. The first material elements deforming substantially long a longitudinal axis thereof to cause the bi-material building blocks to be stretch-dominated when deforming in response to temperature changes.

A metamaterial having a programmed thermal expansion when exposed to a temperature condition is described. The metamaterial includes a lattice structure composed of a plurality of interconnected unit cells, each of the unit cells comprising two or more bi-material building blocks having first material elements and second material elements. The first material elements have a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the second material elements having a second CTE, the first CTE being greater than the second CTE. The bi-material building blocks have a topology with two or more vertices formed at junctions between said first material elements and said second material elements. One of the first material elements interconnects and extends between two of the second material elements at the vertices. The first material elements deforming substantially long a longitudinal axis thereof to cause the bi-material building blocks to be stretch-dominated when deforming in response to temperature changes.

A system may include a magnetic shape memory (MSM) element having a long axis that extends from a first end of the MSM element to a second end of the MSM element. The system may further include a first solenoid, where a longitudinal axis of the first solenoid is positioned at a first angle relative to the long axis of the MSM element. The system may also include a second solenoid, where a longitudinal axis of the second solenoid is positioned at a second angle relative to the long axis of the MSM element and at a third angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first solenoid, where the longitudinal axis of the first solenoid and the longitudinal axis of the second solenoid are not parallel.