A system and related apparatus, method and energy product-by-process for resonantly-catalyzing the release of nuclear fusion energy, comprising: a nuclear fuel; a high-frequency gamma radiation source producing gamma radiation proximate at least one of the resonant frequencies corresponding to m.sub.u, m.sub.d, {square root over (m.sub.um.sub.d)}, (m.sub.u+m.sub.d)/2, m.sub.u/(2).sup.3/2, m.sub.d/(2).sup.3/2, {square root over (m.sub.um.sub.d)}/(2).sup.3/2, integer harmonic multiples of said resonant frequencies, and sums of said resonant frequencies and said integer harmonic multiples, wherein m.sub.u is the current rest mass of the up quark and m.sub.d is the current rest mass of the down quark; and said gamma radiation source configured in relation to said nuclear fuel so as to subject said nuclear fuel to said gamma radiation.

A system and related apparatus, method and energy product-by-process for resonantly-catalyzing the release of nuclear fusion energy, comprising: a nuclear fuel; a high-frequency gamma radiation source producing gamma radiation proximate at least one of the resonant frequencies corresponding to m.sub.u, m.sub.d, {square root over (m.sub.um.sub.d)}, (m.sub.u+m.sub.d)/2, m.sub.u/(2).sup.3/2, m.sub.d/(2).sup.3/2, {square root over (m.sub.um.sub.d)}/(2).sup.3/2, integer harmonic multiples of said resonant frequencies, and sums of said resonant frequencies and said integer harmonic multiples, wherein m.sub.u is the current rest mass of the up quark and m.sub.d is the current rest mass of the down quark; and said gamma radiation source configured in relation to said nuclear fuel so as to subject said nuclear fuel to said gamma radiation.

The present invention relates to nuclear fuel compositions including uranium dioxide with integral fuel burnable absorber, and triuranium disilicide and a composite of uranium mononitride and triuranium disilicide with or without integral fuel burnable absorber, and methods of sintering these compositions. The sintering is conducted using SPS/FAST apparatus and techniques. The sintering time and temperature is reduced using SPS/FAST as compared to conventional sintering methods for nuclear fuel compositions. The nuclear fuel compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in light water reactors.

The present invention relates to nuclear fuel compositions including uranium dioxide with integral fuel burnable absorber, and triuranium disilicide and a composite of uranium mononitride and triuranium disilicide with or without integral fuel burnable absorber, and methods of sintering these compositions. The sintering is conducted using SPS/FAST apparatus and techniques. The sintering time and temperature is reduced using SPS/FAST as compared to conventional sintering methods for nuclear fuel compositions. The nuclear fuel compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in light water reactors.

The invention relates to an electrical energy generation facility comprising: a steam generation device (1) that is suitable for producing saturated steam (VI) from a heat source and is arranged in a chamber (10); a set of one or more separators (13) that is/are connected downstream to the steam generation device (1) and is/are suitable for removing most of the water from the steam (VI) generated by the device (1), said set being arranged in the chamber (10); a set of one or more dryers (14) which is connected upstream to the set of separators (13) and is suitable for collecting the water droplets suspended in the steam (V2) that is discharged from the set of separators so as to generate dry steam (V3); a steam turbine (2) comprising at least one body (20) for expanding dry steam (V3), the steam turbine being suitable for producing electricity from the dry steam (V3); a set of exchangers (23, 7) suitable for operating as steam superheaters or for reheating supply water; the set of one or more dryers (14) is arranged outside the chamber (10) of the steam generation device (1), the inlet (14a) of the set of dryers is connected upstream to the set of separators (13), a first outlet (14b) is connected downstream to the inlet of the body (20) of the turbine, and a second outlet (14c) is connected downstream, as a heat source, to the set of exchangers (23, 7).

In accordance with one embodiment, lower energy photons are combined into a higher energy photon, a phat, by a shift in equilibrium from plasma toward condensing atoms. Phats are an ingredient for new compositions of matter and for nuclear reactions. Many of these compositions of matter are between a chemical and a nuclear scale. A self-assembled reactor is described at this scale. Also, fuels are produced that are high energy activated compositions of matter. Some activated compositions of matter can cause various nuclear reactions. A sequence is described for generalized chemical/nuclear steps. The nuclear reactions which occur include: photodisintegration, neutron absorption, accelerated nuclear decay of radioactive isotopes, and fusion of various combinations of elements.

In accordance with one embodiment, lower energy photons are combined into a higher energy photon, a phat, by a shift in equilibrium from plasma toward condensing atoms. Phats are an ingredient for new compositions of matter and for nuclear reactions. Many of these compositions of matter are between a chemical and a nuclear scale. A self-assembled reactor is described at this scale. Also, fuels are produced that are high energy activated compositions of matter. Some activated compositions of matter can cause various nuclear reactions. A sequence is described for generalized chemical/nuclear steps. The nuclear reactions which occur include: photodisintegration, neutron absorption, accelerated nuclear decay of radioactive isotopes, and fusion of various combinations of elements.

The naturally controlled temperature low-pressure fast neutron reactor maintains reactivity by evaporating and condensing nuclear fuel. The reactor evaporates a portion of the fissionable nuclear fuel when temperature exceeds the boiling temperature of the molten salt fuel. By the evaporation, the reactor controls the core reactivity chain reaction, preventing the temperature from exceeding the operation temperature. The evaporated fuel gas phase is condensed externally or internally. The reactor includes breedable materials like U238 and Thorium to generate additional fissionable fuel. Because of its inherent safety and simplicity, the reactor can be modernized into a small modular reactor and operate at a designed temperature controlled by the nuclear fuel chemistry. The reactor reflector can include ceramic solid particles of used nuclear fuel, U238, and Thorium.

The naturally controlled temperature low-pressure fast neutron reactor maintains reactivity by evaporating and condensing nuclear fuel. The reactor evaporates a portion of the fissionable nuclear fuel when temperature exceeds the boiling temperature of the molten salt fuel. By the evaporation, the reactor controls the core reactivity chain reaction, preventing the temperature from exceeding the operation temperature. The evaporated fuel gas phase is condensed externally or internally. The reactor includes breedable materials like U238 and Thorium to generate additional fissionable fuel. Because of its inherent safety and simplicity, the reactor can be modernized into a small modular reactor and operate at a designed temperature controlled by the nuclear fuel chemistry. The reactor reflector can include ceramic solid particles of used nuclear fuel, U238, and Thorium.