An object is to obtain a composition capable of: forming a uniform film even by spray coating or even when the composition is applied in the form of ink for inkjet printing; and preventing light emission from a portion other than an ITO electrode surface when the film is mounted on an organic EL device and light is emitted from the device. A conductive polymer composition contains: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by a general formula (1); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; a water-soluble organic solvent (C); and a compound (E) shown by a general formula (2). The electric conductivity of a film with a thickness of 20 to 200 nm formed from the conductive polymer composition is less than 1.00E-05 S/cm.

##STR00001##

A technique that can improve ionic conductivity is provided.

An electrolyte includes an inorganic composite particle that is a composite of an inorganic particle with a compound having a betaine structure and one or more functional groups selected from a (meth)acryloxy group, a Si(OR).sub.3 group (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an Al(OR).sub.2 group (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms).

Provided in this patent disclosure are two types of novel fluoro-monomers that can be polymerized for the fabrication of ion-exchange fluoropolymers. In addition, new proton-conductive zirconium-perfluorophosphonic acid fluoropolymer membranes that can reduce metal crossovers in redox flow batteries are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to an ion gel having superior ion conductivity and mechanical strength, a polymer electrolyte including the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. The method of manufacturing the ion gel is capable of simply and effectively manufacturing a polymer matrix through a one-pot reaction, thus exhibiting simple processing steps to thereby manifest excellent processing efficiency and generate economic benefits. Moreover, the polymer electrolyte including the ion gel can exhibit superior ion conductivity and mechanical strength despite the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the monomer contained in the polymer matrix.

An electrically conductive material includes an anionic polymer having a polymer backbone that is bonded to a plurality of terminal catechol moieties and a plurality of terminal sulfonate moieties. It also includes a cationic polymer including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

Some embodiments of the present invention provide solid oxide cells and components thereof having a metal oxide electrolyte that exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity. Certain of those embodiments have two materials, at least one of which is a metal oxide, disposed so that at least some interfaces between the domains of the materials orient in a direction substantially parallel to the desired ionic conductivity.

A lithiated carbon phosphonitride material is made by, for example, reacting P(CN).sub.3 with LiN(CN).sub.2 in solution (for example, dimethoxyethane or pyridine), then drying the solution to obtain the product. The material is a thermoset that is stable to over 400° C. and exhibits up to 10.sup.−3 S.Math.cm2 of Li.sup.+ conductivity.

An ion-permeable membrane is substantially free of holes and has excellent ion permeability, heat resistance, strength, and flexibility, and can form a battery electrolyte membrane that uses the ion-permeable membrane, and an electrode composite. The polymer-ion-permeable membrane has a per-unit-thickness puncture strength of 0.3-3.0 N/μm and a membrane resistance of 3.0-100.0 Ω.Math.cm.sup.2 at 25° C.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, provided is an ionic conductor comprising lithium (Li), borohydride (BH.sub.4.sup.−), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), wherein, in X-ray diffraction (CuKα: λ=1.5405 Å), the ionic conductor has diffraction peaks, at least, at 2θ=14.4±1.0 deg, 15.0±1.0 deg, 24.9±1.0 deg, 29.2±1.5 deg, 30.3±1.5 deg, 51.1±2.5 deg and 53.5±2.5 deg.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.