A polymer comprising

##STR00001## wherein m+n=1.

This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

A composition includes at least one type of conductive or semiconductive nanostructures, wherein at least one conductive ligand is arranged on the surface of the nanostructures, and at least one solvent, wherein the ligand has at least one group by which functionalization is possible. This makes it possible in simple fashion to obtain functionalizable conductive structures, in particular by inkjet processes.

An interpenetrating network (IPN) polymer membrane material includes a soft polyurethane interspersed with a crosslinked conducting polymer. The material can be reversibly “switched” between its oxidized and reduced states by the application of a small voltage, ˜1 to 4 volts, thus modulating its diffusivity.

A polymer composition includes a conductive polymer and at least one stretchability and electrical conductivity (STEC) enhancer, wherein a content of the STEC enhancer in the composition is at least about 1 wt. % of the composition.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising i) at least one polythiophene comprising monomer units of structure (Ia) or (Ib)

##STR00001## in which *, X, Z, R, and R.sup.1-R.sup.6 are as defined herein; ii) at least one organic compound carrying one or two inorganic acid group(s), preferably one or two sulfonic acid group(s), one or two sulfuric acid group(s), one or two phosphonic acid group(s) or one or two phosphoric acid group(s), or a salt of said organic compound, wherein the molecular weight of the organic compound or the salt thereof is less than 1,000 g/mol; and iii) at least one organic solvent. A method of preparing such compounds is also provided.

An interpenetrating network (IPN) polymer membrane material includes a soft polyurethane interspersed with a crosslinked conducting polymer. The material can be reversibly “switched” between its oxidized and reduced states by the application of a small voltage, ˜1 to 4 volts, thus modulating its diffusivity.

The invention is related to an improved capacitor and an improved process for forming a capacitor. The process comprises forming an anode comprising a dielectric on the anode. A cathode layer is then formed on the dielectric wherein the cathode layer comprises a self-doped conductive polymer and a cross-linker wherein a weight ratio of crosslinker to self-doped conductive polymer is at least 0.01 to no more than 2.

Systems and devices for continuous, high-throughput production of electrically conductive yans, fibers or fabrics. In one embodiment, the system comprises a first process chamber for coating the yarn, fiber or fabric with an electrically conductive material and a second process chamber for encapsulating the electrically conductive yarn, fiber or fabric with an encapsulating material. In another embodiment, device for printing an encapsulated electrically conductive material on a yarn, fiber or fabric, includes print head(s) for coating and encapsulating a yarn, fiber or fabric.

A stretchable electroconductive material includes 100 parts by weight of PEDOT-PSS, 200 parts to 1000 parts by weight of a repair linking agent, 15 parts to 300 parts by weight of an ionic liquid plasticizer, and 15 parts to 200 parts by weight of carbon material particles. The repair linking agent is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide, and any combination thereof. The repair linking agent, the ionic liquid plasticizer, and the carbon material particles are doped in the PEDOT-PSS. A method for manufacturing the stretchable electroconductive material and a device using the stretchable electroconductive material are also provided.