A transparent film including: a transparent substrate; and a conducting fiber-containing layer that is stacked on at least one main surface of the transparent substrate material and contains conducting fibers substantially evenly dispersed in a plane view and a binder resin. The transparent film has a high resistance part in which an undercoat layer is provided between the transparent substrate material and the conducting fiber-containing layer, and a low resistance part in which the undercoat layer is not provided between the transparent substrate material and the conducting fiber-containing layer. The relationship between a sheet resistance value R.sub.H of the high resistance part and a sheet resistance value R.sub.L of the low resistance part is expressed as R.sub.H/R.sub.L>100. The undercoat layer contains a resin having at least one group or boding part having (—NH—).

A transparent film including: a transparent substrate; and a conducting fiber-containing layer that is stacked on at least one main surface of the transparent substrate material and contains conducting fibers substantially evenly dispersed in a plane view and a binder resin. The transparent film has a high resistance part in which an undercoat layer is provided between the transparent substrate material and the conducting fiber-containing layer, and a low resistance part in which the undercoat layer is not provided between the transparent substrate material and the conducting fiber-containing layer. The relationship between a sheet resistance value R.sub.H of the high resistance part and a sheet resistance value R.sub.L of the low resistance part is expressed as R.sub.H/R.sub.L>100. The undercoat layer contains a resin having at least one group or boding part having (—NH—).

An insulated conductor of the present invention is an insulated conductor having a conductor and an insulating film provided on a surface of the conductor, in which the insulating film has a low-concentration fluorine layer disposed on a surface side of the conductor and a high-concentration fluorine layer disposed on at least a part of an outside surface of the low-concentration fluorine layer, the low-concentration fluorine layer includes a cured product of a thermosetting resin and a fluororesin and has a fluorine atom content relatively lower than that of the high-concentration fluorine layer, and the high-concentration fluorine layer includes a cured product of a thermosetting resin and a fluororesin and has a fluorine atom content relatively higher than that of the low-concentration fluorine layer.

An insulated conductor of the present invention is an insulated conductor having a conductor and an insulating film provided on a surface of the conductor, in which the insulating film has a low-concentration fluorine layer disposed on a surface side of the conductor and a high-concentration fluorine layer disposed on at least a part of an outside surface of the low-concentration fluorine layer, the low-concentration fluorine layer includes a cured product of a thermosetting resin and a fluororesin and has a fluorine atom content relatively lower than that of the high-concentration fluorine layer, and the high-concentration fluorine layer includes a cured product of a thermosetting resin and a fluororesin and has a fluorine atom content relatively higher than that of the low-concentration fluorine layer.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.

A device (1) and a method for producing enameled wires, comprises an application device (3) for applying at least one enamel coating, a furnace (4) for solidifying the enamel coating and an exhaust gas purification device (7) for removing at least nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas (9) of the furnace (4). The exhaust gas purification device (7) has a unit (13) for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas (9) of the furnace and a feeding apparatus (11) for feeding a reducing agent, preferably an ammonia-containing compound, in particular a urea solution, into the exhaust gas (9) of the furnace (4). The feeding apparatus (11) has at least one outlet opening, which is designed in such a way that the reducing agent exits from the outlet opening substantially in the flow direction of the exhaust gas (9).

A graphene compound made from the method of preparing graphene flakes or chemical vapor deposition grown graphene films on a SiO.sub.2/Si substrate; exposing the graphene flakes or the chemical vapor deposition grown graphene film to hydrogen plasma; performing hydrogenation of the graphene; wherein the hydrogenated graphene has a majority carrier type; creating a bandgap from the hydrogenation of the graphene; applying an electric field to the hydrogenated graphene; and tuning the bandgap.