Provided are a composite material structure obtained by joining composite materials with resin-impregnated reinforcing fibers, for which appropriate lightning proofing measures are taken, and a method for manufacturing the composite material structure. The composite material structure includes a first composite material, a second composite material, and a low-conductivity material. The first composite material includes a conductive first reinforcing fiber and a first resin impregnated into the first reinforcing fiber. The second composite material is integrated with the first composite material, and has a conductive second reinforcing fiber and a second resin impregnated into the second reinforcing fiber. The low-conductivity material has an electrical resistance that is lower than that of the first resin and the second resin and a low conductivity that is greater than or equal to the first reinforcing fiber and the second reinforcing fiber, and electrically connects the first reinforcing fiber to the second reinforcing fiber.

A single coated conductor for an overhead power transmission or distribution line is provided comprising one or more electrical conductors (400) and a first coating (401) provided on at least a portion of the one or more electrical conductors (400). The first coating (401) comprises: (i) an inorganic binder comprising an alkali metal silicate; (ii) a polymerisation agent comprising nanosilica (“nS”) or colloidal silica (SiO.sub.2); and (iii) a photocatalytic agent, wherein the photocatalytic agent comprises ≥70 wt % anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) having an average particle size (“aps”) ≤100 nm. The first coating (401) has an average thermal emissivity coefficient E≥0.90 across the infrared spectrum 2.5-30.0 μm and has an average solar reflectivity coefficient R≥0.90 and/or an average solar absorptivity coefficient A≤0.10 across the solar spectrum 0.3-2.5 μm.

A contact system includes a support body, a heat sink configured to contact the support body in an electrically insulated and/or heat-conducting manner, and an electrically insulating layer arranged between the heat sink and the support body. The heat sink has a first surface which is embodied substantially as a flat area and formed with a recess in a region intended for contacting a periphery of a contact area of the support body. The recess forms an unbroken track on the first surface of the heat sink. The contact area of the support body is located on the heat sink in such a way that the recess extends completely along the periphery of the contact area. The insulating layer between the heat sink and the support body is configured to cover the recess in such a way that a dosed channel is formed by the recess and the insulating layer.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. The method includes a first anodization step that includes anodizing the valve metal layer in a thickness direction to form a porous layer that includes a plurality of channels. Each channel has channel walls and a channel bottom. The channel bottom is coated with a first insulating metal oxide barrier layer as a result of the first anodization step. The method also includes a protective treatment. Further, the method includes a second anodization step after the protective treatment. The second anodization step substantially removes the first insulating metal oxide barrier layer, induces anodization, and creates a second insulating metal oxide barrier layer. In addition, the method includes an etching step.

Apparatus and methods related to mats and connects are described. The apparatus include a mat having a top side, a bottom side, and an interior defined between the top side and the bottom side, and at least one connector post extending within the interior of the mat, wherein the at least one connector post comprises a connector pin cavity extending within the interior of the mat and configured to receive a connector pin and at least one locking structure configured to engage with a portion of the connector pin and secure the connector pin to the at least one connector post.

A cable routing system is provided. The cable routing system comprises a flexible flat band being able to be deformed from its stretched out shape without assuming a permanent changed form and several attaching devices in intervals along a longitudinal direction of the band for attaching a cable to the band in a sliding manner.

A single coated conductor for an overhead power transmission or distribution line is provided comprising one or more electrical conductors (400) and a first coating (401) provided on at least a portion of the one or more electrical conductors (400). The first coating (401) comprises: (i) an inorganic binder comprising an alkali metal silicate; (ii) a polymerisation agent comprising nanosilica (“nS”) or colloidal silica (SiO.sub.2); and (iii) a photocatalytic agent, wherein the photocatalytic agent comprises ≥70 wt % anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) having an average particle size (“aps”)≤100 nm. The first coating (401) has an average thermal emissivity coefficient E≥0.90 across the infrared spectrum 2.5-30.0 μm and has an average solar reflectivity coefficient R≥0.90 and/or an average solar absorptivity coefficient A≤0.10 across the solar spectrum 0.3-2.5 μm.

A ground cable may comprise a plurality of strands. Inner core strands of the cable may be surrounded by an adjacent outermost layer or wrap of outer wrap strands. The outer wrap of strands may comprise at least one indicator strand, which may comprise an indicator finish on a portion of its surface. A characteristic of the indicator finish may change when exposed to a current level that exceeds an electrical fault threshold.

Porous solid materials are provided. The porous solid materials include a plurality of interconnected wires forming an ordered network. The porous solid materials may have a predetermined volumetric surface area ranging between 2 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3 and 90 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3, a predetermined porosity ranging between 3% and 90% and an electrical conductivity higher than 100 S/cm. The porous solid materials may have a predetermined volumetric surface area ranging between 3 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3 and 72 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3, a predetermined porosity ranging between 80% and 95% and an electrical conductivity higher than 100 S/cm. The porous solid materials (100) may have a predetermined volumetric surface area ranging between 3 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3 and 85 m.sup.2/cm.sup.3, a predetermined porosity ranging between 65% and 90% and an electrical conductivity higher than 2000 S/cm. Methods for the fabrication of such porous solid materials and devices including such porous solid material are also disclosed.

At least one embodiment relates to a method fabricating a solid-state battery cell. The method includes forming a plurality of spaced electrically conductive structures on a substrate. Forming the plurality of spaced electrically conductive structures on the substrate includes transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. Transforming at least part of the valve metal layer into the template includes a first anodization step, a second anodization step, an etching step in an etching solution, and a deposition step. The method also includes forming a first layer of active electrode material on the plurality of spaced electrically conductive structures, depositing an electrolyte layer over the first layer of active electrode material, and forming a second layer of active electrode material over the electrolyte later.