Provided is a permanent magnet including a rare-earth element R, a transition metal element T, B, Zr, and Cu. The permanent magnet contains main phase grains including Nd, T, and B, and grain boundary multiple junctions, the grain boundary multiple junction is a grain boundary surrounded by three or more of the main phase grains, one of the grain boundary multiple junctions contains a ZrB.sub.2 crystal and an R—Cu-rich phase, a concentration of B in the grain boundary multiple junction containing both the ZrB.sub.2 crystal and the R—Cu-rich phase is from 5 to 20 atomic %, a concentration of Cu in the grain boundary multiple junction containing both the ZrB.sub.2 crystal and the R—Cu-rich phase is from 5 to 25 atomic %, and a surface layer part of the main phase grain includes at least one kind of heavy rare-earth element among Tb and Dy.

The present disclosure provides neodymium-iron-boron magnetic body having gradient distribution, comprising an ease-to-demagnetize zone and a hard-to-demagnetize zone, wherein in a direction perpendicular to magnetization direction, remanence of the ease-to-demagnetize zone is less than remanence of the hard-to-demagnetize zone, and coercivity of the ease-to-demagnetize zone is greater than coercivity of the hard-to-demagnetize zone; and along the direction perpendicular to magnetization direction, the remanence and the coercivity of the ease-to-demagnetize zone are respectively a constant value, and the remanence and the coercivity of the hard-to-demagnetize zone are respectively a constant value. Due to the gradient distribution of remanence and coercivity of the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic body provided by the present application, the remanence, coercivity, magnetic flux and surface magnetic field of the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic body are optimized.

To provide an alloy for an R-T-B based permanent magnet from which an R-T-B based permanent magnet having improved magnetic properties can be manufactured. The alloy for an R-T-B based permanent magnet contains R, T, and B, in which R is a rare earth element, T is a transition metal element, and B is boron. An area ratio of a non-columnar crystal structure in a cross section is 1.0% or more and 30.0% or less.

A high-performance Nd—Fe—B isotropic magnetic powder and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The method includes S1, smelting and refining ingredients under vacuum to obtain an alloy ingot, crushing the alloy ingot to obtain an alloy block, wherein the smelting is conducted at a temperature of 1,350-1,450° C., and the refining is conducted at a temperature of 1,335-1,430° C. and a pressure of 900-1,100 Pa in an inert gas atmosphere for 3-7 minutes; S2, melting the alloy block obtained in step S1 to obtain an alloy solution, rapidly quenching the alloy solution to form a Nd—Fe—B rapidly-quenched alloy plate; S3, crushing the Nd—Fe—B rapidly-quenched alloy plate obtained in step S2 to obtain a magnetic powder; S4, subjecting the magnetic powder to a crystallization heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the Nd—Fe—B isotropic magnetic powder.

Compositions including hard magnetic photoresists, soft photoresists, hard magnetic elastomers and soft magnetic elastomers are provided.

A strip cast alloy containing Nd in excess of the stoichiometry of Nd.sub.2Fe.sub.14B is subjected to HDDR treatment and diffusion treatment, yielding microcrystalline alloy powder in which major phase crystal grains with a size of 0.1-1 μm are surrounded by Nd-rich grain boundary phase with a width of 2-10 nm. The powder is finely pulverized, compacted, and sintered, yielding a sintered magnet having a high coercivity.

A permanent magnet includes a rare earth element R; a transition metal element T; and B. The permanent magnet includes Nd as R. The permanent magnet includes Fe as T. The permanent magnet contains main phase grains and R-rich phases. The main phase grains include R, T, and B. The R-rich phases include R. The main phase grains observed in a cross section of the permanent magnet are flat. The cross section is parallel to an easy magnetization axis direction of the permanent magnet. Each of the R-rich phases is located between the main phase grains. An average value of intervals between the R-rich phases in a direction substantially perpendicular to the easy magnetization axis direction is from 30 μm to 1,000 μm. An average value of lengths of short axes of the main phase grains observed in the cross section is from 20 nm to 200 nm.

A method of producing a magnetic powder and a magnetic powder is provided. The method of producing a magnetic powder according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: producing an iron powder by a reduction reaction of iron oxide, producing a magnetic powder using a molded body obtained by press molding a mixture including the iron powder, a rare earth oxide, boron, and calcium at a pressure of 22 MPa or more, and coating a surface of the magnetic powder with ammonium fluoride.

A method of producing an oppositely magnetized magnetic structure within or on a substrate material includes: generating first and second numbers of cavities within or on a substrate material and filling the first and second numbers of cavities with first and second hard magnetic materials, respectively exhibiting first and second coercive field strengths, wherein the second coercive field strength is smaller than the first coercive field strength. The method further includes magnetizing, in a first direction, the first and second arrangements of magnetic structures, by a magnetic field having a field strength that exceeds the first and second coercive field strengths. The method further magnetizes the second arrangement of hard magnetic structures in a second direction, which differs from the first direction, by a second magnetic field having a field strength below the first coercive field strength but greater than the second coercive field strength.

A method of producing a compound for bonded magnets, the method including: heat-curing a thermosetting resin and a curing agent having a ratio of the number of reactive groups of the curing agent to the number of reactive groups of the thermosetting resin of at least 2 but not higher than 11 to obtain an additive for bonded magnets; and kneading the additive for bonded magnets, magnetic powder, and a thermoplastic resin to obtain a compound for bonded magnets in which a filling ratio of the magnetic powder is at least 91.5% by mass.