A controlled nuclear fusion system includes a vacuum chamber, an electrode cage shaped in a first closed-loop tube in the vacuum chamber, wherein the electrode cage comprises electrically conductive wires configured to confine ions and electrons in the electrode cage and a toroidal electromagnetic coil coiled around outside of the electrode cage and configured to produce a closed-loop magnetic flux in the electrode cage.

An electric generator has a stator, a rotor and a coil on the stator or the rotor. The coil includes a plurality of turns of one or more high-temperature superconducting conductors shaped as a tape. Each tape conductor includes a substrate having a flat section and a high-temperature superconducting layer, the high-temperature superconducting layer being laid over one of the two major sides of the substrate, the high-temperature superconducting layer having a width in a direction parallel to the major side of the substrate. The turns of the coil are stacked in such a way that the major sides of the substrate are superposed to one another to form a coil section having a first dimension parallel to the width of the high-temperature superconducting layer and a second dimension orthogonal to the first dimension, the ratio between the first dimension and the second dimension being between 2 and 5.

A superconducting magnet device includes a superconducting coil; a radiation shield that thermally protects the superconducting coil; a main cold head that cools the superconducting coil; a sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield; a common compressor that supplies a refrigerant gas to the main cold head and the sub-cold head; a first temperature sensor that measures a temperature of the radiation shield; a second temperature sensor that measures a temperature of the superconducting coil; and a controller configured to activate the sub-cold head for initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device, stop the sub-cold head based on an output of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor, and operate the main cold head in a state where the sub-cold head is stopped.

A superconducting magnet device includes a superconducting coil; a radiation shield that thermally protects the superconducting coil; a main cold head that cools the superconducting coil; a sub-cold head that cools the radiation shield; a common compressor that supplies a refrigerant gas to the main cold head and the sub-cold head; a first temperature sensor that measures a temperature of the radiation shield; a second temperature sensor that measures a temperature of the superconducting coil; and a controller configured to activate the sub-cold head for initial cooling of the superconducting magnet device, stop the sub-cold head based on an output of the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor, and operate the main cold head in a state where the sub-cold head is stopped.

A cryogen-free high-temperature superconductor undulator structure is provided. The superconductor undulator structure includes a magnetic core body and a coil structure. The magnetic core body includes a first and a second half magnetic pole arrays that are vertically aligned, a plurality of first winding cores in the first half magnetic pole array, and a plurality of second winding cores in the second half magnetic pole array. The coil structure is wound on the first winding cores and the second winding cores of the magnetic core body. The coil structure includes a plurality of first superconductor tapes in contact with each of the first winding cores and each of the second winding cores, and a plurality of second superconductor tapes, each of the second superconductor tapes is in contact with two adjacent first superconductor tapes. A method of manufacturing a cryogen-free high-temperature superconductor undulator structure is also provided.

A cryogen-free high-temperature superconductor undulator structure is provided. The superconductor undulator structure includes a magnetic core body and a coil structure. The magnetic core body includes a first and a second half magnetic pole arrays that are vertically aligned, a plurality of first winding cores in the first half magnetic pole array, and a plurality of second winding cores in the second half magnetic pole array. The coil structure is wound on the first winding cores and the second winding cores of the magnetic core body. The coil structure includes a plurality of first superconductor tapes in contact with each of the first winding cores and each of the second winding cores, and a plurality of second superconductor tapes, each of the second superconductor tapes is in contact with two adjacent first superconductor tapes. A method of manufacturing a cryogen-free high-temperature superconductor undulator structure is also provided.

A superconducting coil module includes: a first coil composed of a superconducting wire material wound multiple times; and a first heating device coupled to one surface of the first coil and including at least one first heating pattern controlling a threshold current for each turn of the first coil as a minimum threshold current, wherein at least one first heating pattern is disposed on a path according to a predetermined ratio between the inner and outer boundaries of the first coil.

A superconducting coil module includes: a first coil composed of a superconducting wire material wound multiple times; and a first heating device coupled to one surface of the first coil and including at least one first heating pattern controlling a threshold current for each turn of the first coil as a minimum threshold current, wherein at least one first heating pattern is disposed on a path according to a predetermined ratio between the inner and outer boundaries of the first coil.

A bifilar winding system for the manufacture of poloidal field superconducting magnets for nuclear fusion includes two superconducting coil winding production lines which are symmetrically arranged, a dropping fixture, a rotary platform and a winding mold, and an automatic control system. Each of the two winding production lines includes a conductor unwinding device, a straightener, an ultrasonic cleaning machine, a sandblasting and cleaning machine, a bending machine, an inter-turn insulation taping machine. During the winding of a coil, a superconducting conductor is unwound by the conductor unwinding device under the control of the automatic control system, then straightened, ultrasonically cleaned, sandblasted and cleaned, and bent into a desired radius, then wrapped with multiple layers of insulating tape by the inter-turn insulation taping machine, and finally fixed, by the dropping fixture, precisely on the rotary platform at a correct position within a profile of the winding mold.

A bifilar winding system for the manufacture of poloidal field superconducting magnets for nuclear fusion includes two superconducting coil winding production lines which are symmetrically arranged, a dropping fixture, a rotary platform and a winding mold, and an automatic control system. Each of the two winding production lines includes a conductor unwinding device, a straightener, an ultrasonic cleaning machine, a sandblasting and cleaning machine, a bending machine, an inter-turn insulation taping machine. During the winding of a coil, a superconducting conductor is unwound by the conductor unwinding device under the control of the automatic control system, then straightened, ultrasonically cleaned, sandblasted and cleaned, and bent into a desired radius, then wrapped with multiple layers of insulating tape by the inter-turn insulation taping machine, and finally fixed, by the dropping fixture, precisely on the rotary platform at a correct position within a profile of the winding mold.