A doped electrode may be manufactured by doping an active material included in an electrode with an alkali metal in a dope solution containing a first aprotic solvent and an alkali metal salt. The doped electrode may be cleaned with a cleaning solution containing a second aprotic solvent that has a boiling point lower than that of the first aprotic solvent. The cleaning solution may be controlled such that a content ratio of the first aprotic solvent in the cleaning solution is 8 vol % or lower.

Disclosed is a 3-D printing apparatus. The apparatus includes an ink output module including an ink supply unit having an ink for forming an electrode portion, electrolyte or packaging portion received therein and an ink discharge unit coupled to the ink supply unit; a driving unit having the ink output module mounted thereon to move the ink output module in an X, Y, Z axis direction with respect to a substrate where a supercapacitor or secondary battery will be formed; a dispenser connected to the ink supply unit to supply gas having controlled pressure to the ink supply unit through a gas supply tube and to supply the ink within the ink supply unit through the ink discharge unit; and a controller controlling the output of the ink by transmitting a control command for fabricating the supercapacitor or the secondary battery to the dispenser and the driving unit.

A storage device having excellent cycle lifetime, an electrode used in this storage device, and a production method of the electrode are provided. An electrode comprising an active material and a conductive carbon including oxidized carbon. A surface of the active material is covered by the conductive carbon. A Raman spectrum of the active material covered by the conductive carbon includes a peak intensity (a) derived from the active material and a peak intensity (b) of D-band derived from the conductive carbon. A peak intensity ratio (b)/(a) between the peak intensity (a) and the peak intensity (b) is 0.25 or more.

A doping system is configured to dope an active material included in an electrode with an alkali metal. The doping system includes a doping bath, a conveyor unit, a connection unit, and a drying unit. The doping bath is configured to store a solution containing alkali metal ion and a counter electrode unit. The conveyor unit is configured to convey the electrode along a path that passes through the doping bath. The connection unit includes an electrically conductive electric power supply roller that contacts the electrode, and is configured to couple the electrode to the counter electrode unit. The drying unit is configured to spray a gas onto the electrode that passes through the doping bath and is being conveyed to the electric power supply roller.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrode comprising a metal substrate, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and a metal oxide deposited over the entire length of said vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, said method comprising the following consecutive steps: (a) synthesizing, on a metal substrate, a mat of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes; (b) electrochemically depositing the metal oxide on said carbon nanotubes from an electrolytic solution comprising at least one precursor of said metal oxide and at least one nitrate, said electrochemical deposition being carried out by a chronopotentiometry technique. The present invention also relates to the electrode thus prepared and to the uses thereof.

Electrically-conductive articles are provided that include a current collector having a conductive coating. The current collector has nanoporous structure, such as that from etched metal, and a carbon coating in contact with the current collector. The carbon coating is free of binder. In some embodiments, the current collector includes etched aluminum. The provided electrically-conductive articles can be electrochemical capacitors or lithium-ion electrochemical cells.

Electrically-conductive articles are provided that include a current collector having a conductive coating. The current collector has nanoporous structure, such as that from etched metal, and a carbon coating in contact with the current collector. The carbon coating is free of binder. In some embodiments, the current collector includes etched aluminum. The provided electrically-conductive articles can be electrochemical capacitors or lithium-ion electrochemical cells.

A method for preparing a niobium, titanium or vanadium metal oxide nanostructured material is provided. The method comprises providing an aqueous reagent comprising (i) a soluble metal oxalate, and/or (ii) oxalic acid and a metal oxide precursor, adding a buffering agent to the aqueous reagent to form a mixture, and heating the mixture under hydrothermal conditions to obtain the metal oxide nanostructured material. The metal oxide nanostructured material may also be doped with a dopant metal such as titanium to enhance capacity and cycling stability. An electrode comprising the metal oxide nanostructured material, and an electrochemical cell containing the electrode are also provided.

A method for preparing a niobium, titanium or vanadium metal oxide nanostructured material is provided. The method comprises providing an aqueous reagent comprising (i) a soluble metal oxalate, and/or (ii) oxalic acid and a metal oxide precursor, adding a buffering agent to the aqueous reagent to form a mixture, and heating the mixture under hydrothermal conditions to obtain the metal oxide nanostructured material. The metal oxide nanostructured material may also be doped with a dopant metal such as titanium to enhance capacity and cycling stability. An electrode comprising the metal oxide nanostructured material, and an electrochemical cell containing the electrode are also provided.

An apparatus comprising: a module; a substrate; and electrolyte between the module and the substrate, wherein an electronic component is formed between the module and the substrate and wherein the electrolyte is configured to function as the electrolyte in the electronic component and also as the adhesive to attach the module to the substrate.