An electrode manufacturing system includes: a doping unit; a cleaning unit: and a conveyor unit. The doping unit performs a process of doping an active material in a strip-shaped electrode with an alkali metal, the strip-shaped electrode including an active material layer formed portion in which an active material layer including the active material is formed, and an active material layer unformed portion in which the active material layer is not formed. The cleaning unit cleans the active material layer unformed portion that is adjacent to the active material layer formed portion. The conveyor unit conveys the electrode from the doping unit to the cleaning unit.

A winder includes a winding mechanism, a chamber housing the winding mechanism, at least one vacuum pump, and a product case. The winding mechanism is configured to wind a belt-shaped raw film around a winding core. The belt-shaped raw film is composed of a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separating films. The at least one vacuum pump is configured to suck air into the chamber. The product case is configured to house a plurality of winding products each formed by winding the raw film with use of the winding mechanism disposed in the chamber.

A capacitor element and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes steps of: providing a metal foil having an oxide layer formed on an outer surface of the metal foil; forming a surrounding barrier layer onto the oxide layer so as to divide the outer surface of the oxide layer into a first part outer surface and a second part outer surface separated from each other; forming a base layer onto the oxide layer so as to partially encapsulate the oxide layer; cleaning the base layer by a cleaning solution and then drying the base layer; forming a conductive polymer layer onto the base layer; and forming a conductive paste layer onto the conductive polymer layer.

A capacitor element and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes steps of: providing a metal foil having an oxide layer formed on an outer surface of the metal foil; forming a surrounding barrier layer onto the oxide layer so as to divide the outer surface of the oxide layer into a first part outer surface and a second part outer surface separated from each other; forming a base layer onto the oxide layer so as to partially encapsulate the oxide layer; cleaning the base layer by a cleaning solution and then drying the base layer; forming a conductive polymer layer onto the base layer; and forming a conductive paste layer onto the conductive polymer layer.

A doping system dopes an active material with an alkali metal, the active material being contained in a layer of a strip-shaped electrode. The doping system includes a doping bath, a conveyor unit, a counter electrode unit, a connection unit, and a recovery unit. The doping bath stores a solution containing alkali metal ions. The conveyor unit conveys the electrode along a path passing through the doping bath. The counter electrode unit is housed in the doping bath. The connection unit electrically connects a conveyor roller provided in the conveyor unit with the counter electrode unit. The recovery unit collects in the doping bath the solution adhered to the electrode having passed through the doping bath.

A winder includes a winding mechanism, a chamber, a vacuum pump, a conveying route and a product case. The winding mechanism winds a belt-shaped raw film around a winding core, the belt-shaped raw film being composed of a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separating films. The chamber houses the winding mechanism. The vacuum pump sucks air into the chamber. The conveying route has a sealed outer space outside the chamber, an inner space of the chamber leading to the outer space in the conveyance route. The product case is disposed in the conveying route to house a plurality of winding products each formed by winding the raw film with use of the winding mechanism.

A winder includes a winding mechanism, a chamber, a vacuum pump, a conveying route and a product case. The winding mechanism winds a belt-shaped raw film around a winding core, the belt-shaped raw film being composed of a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separating films. The chamber houses the winding mechanism. The vacuum pump sucks air into the chamber. The conveying route has a sealed outer space outside the chamber, an inner space of the chamber leading to the outer space in the conveyance route. The product case is disposed in the conveying route to house a plurality of winding products each formed by winding the raw film with use of the winding mechanism.

A capacitor element and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes steps of: providing a metal foil having an oxide layer formed on an outer surface of the metal foil; forming a surrounding barrier layer onto the oxide layer so as to divide the outer surface of the oxide layer into a first part outer surface and a second part outer surface separated from each other; forming a base layer onto the oxide layer so as to partially encapsulate the oxide layer; cleaning the base layer by a cleaning solution and then drying the base layer; forming a conductive polymer layer onto the base layer; and forming a conductive paste layer onto the conductive polymer layer.

A capacitor element and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes steps of: providing a metal foil having an oxide layer formed on an outer surface of the metal foil; forming a surrounding barrier layer onto the oxide layer so as to divide the outer surface of the oxide layer into a first part outer surface and a second part outer surface separated from each other; forming a base layer onto the oxide layer so as to partially encapsulate the oxide layer; cleaning the base layer by a cleaning solution and then drying the base layer; forming a conductive polymer layer onto the base layer; and forming a conductive paste layer onto the conductive polymer layer.

A novel hybrid lithium-ion anode material based on coaxially coated Si shells on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) arrays. The unique cup-stacking graphitic microstructure makes the bare vertically aligned CNF array an effective Li.sup.+ intercalation medium. Highly reversible Li.sup.+ intercalation and extraction were observed at high power rates. More importantly, the highly conductive and mechanically stable CNF core optionally supports a coaxially coated amorphous Si shell which has much higher theoretical specific capacity by forming fully lithiated alloy. Addition of surface effect dominant sites in close proximity to the intercalation medium results in a hybrid device that includes advantages of both batteries and capacitors.