A method of fabricating a photovoltaic absorber layer is provided. The method embodies the application of an anodic paste along the surface of the transparent conductive substrate, wherein the applied surface is coupled to a cathodic element forming a solar cell. The anodic paste comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles in powder form mixed with light-absorbing dye and electrolytic paste.

An electrolytic solution comprising N-(fluorosulfonyl)-N-(fluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide or di(fluorosulfonyl)imide, from which a residual solvent that affects the properties of the electrolyte solution material is reduced, is provided. A method for producing an electrolyte solution material containing fluorosulfonyl imide salt represented by the following general formula (1) and an electrolyte solution preparation solvent comprises decompressing and/or heating a solution containing the fluorosulfonyl imide salt and the electrolyte solution preparation solvent to volatilize a production solvent for the fluorosulfonyl imide salt. ##STR00001## In general formula (1), R.sub.1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkali metal ion.

An electrolytic solution comprising N-(fluorosulfonyl)-N-(fluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide or di(fluorosulfonyl)imide, from which a residual solvent that affects the properties of the electrolyte solution material is reduced, is provided. A method for producing an electrolyte solution material containing fluorosulfonyl imide salt represented by the following general formula (1) and an electrolyte solution preparation solvent comprises decompressing and/or heating a solution containing the fluorosulfonyl imide salt and the electrolyte solution preparation solvent to volatilize a production solvent for the fluorosulfonyl imide salt. ##STR00001##
In general formula (1), R.sub.1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkali metal ion.

Provided are a method for manufacturing a perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter where an organic ligand is substituted, a light-emitter manufactured thereby, and a light emitting device using the same. A method for manufacturing an organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter where an organic ligand is substituted may comprise the steps of: preparing a solution including an organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter, wherein the organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter comprises an organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal structure and a plurality of first organic ligands surrounding the organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal structure; and adding, to the solution, a second organic ligand which is shorter than the first organic ligands or includes a phenyl group or a fluorine group, thereby substitutes the first organic ligands with the second organic ligand. Thus, since energy transfer or charge injection into the nanocrystal structure increases through ligand substitution, it is possible to further increase light emitting efficiency and increase durability and stability by means of a hydrophobic ligand.

A filter-based color imaging array that resolves N different colors detects only 1/N.sup.th of the incoming light. In the thermal infrared wavelength range, filtering loss is exacerbated by the lower sensor detectivity at infrared wavelengths than at visible wavelengths. To avoid loss due to filtering, most spectral imagers use bulky optics, such as diffraction gratings or Fourier transform interferometers, to resolve different colors. Fortunately, it is possible to avoid filtering loss without bulky optics: detect light with interleaved arrays of sub-wavelength-spaced antennas tuned to different wavelengths. An optically sensitive element inside each antenna absorbs light at the antenna's resonant wavelength. Metallic slot antennas offer high efficiency, intrinsic unidirectionality, and lower cross-talk than dipole or bowtie antennas. Graphene serves at the optically active material inside each antenna because its 2D nature makes it easily adaptable to this imager architecture.

A photoelectric conversion element comprising; a conductive layer, a porous semiconductor layer disposed on the conductive layer, a counter electrode facing the porous semiconductor layer, a dye included in the porous semiconductor layer, a electrolyte filling a space between the porous semiconductor and the counter electrode, I-/I3-based redox species and an additive included in the electrolyte, wherein the additive is at least one selected from group consisting of pyrazole and pyrazole derivative, which have two lone pairs of nitrogen atoms in pyrazol ring when the additives dissolved in the electrolyte.

In order to increase the generation efficiency of a silicon dioxide solar cell, two conductive substrates are arranged so that the conductive surfaces thereof face each other, at least one of the substrates is disposed upon the substrate facing the light entry-side substrate, and an electrolyte is filled between the silicon dioxide particles compact and the light entry-side substrate. Silicon dioxide solar cells having this configuration exhibit a significantly increased short circuit current and open circuit voltage in comparison to solar cells in which the silicon dioxide and the electrolyte are mixed. This configuration can further be improved by disposing a titanium dioxide solar cell or a dye-sensitized titanium dioxide solar cell upon the light entry-side substrate to further increase the short circuit current and the open circuit voltage.

A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element including a cell is disclosed. The cell includes a conductive substrate and a transparent conductive layer, a counter substrate facing the conductive substrate and including a metal substrate, a semiconductor layer provided on the conductive substrate, a sealing portion bonding the conductive and the counter substrates, a connecting portion connecting one end of a wiring material and the metal substrate, and a portion to be connected which is connected to the other end of the wiring material, the connecting portion contains first conductive particles, a filler, and a binder resin, the wiring material contains second conductive particles and a binder resin, an average particle diameter of the first conductive particles is greater than that of the filler in the connecting portion, and a content rate of the filler in the connecting portion is greater than that of the filler in the wiring material.

The invention provides a quantum dots-sensitized solar cell and a method of enhancing the optoelectronic performance of a quantum dots-sensitized solar cell using a co-adsorbent, in which a bifunctional molecule is used as the co-adsorbent and is mixed with aqueous quantum dots to form a quantum dots sensitizer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

The dye-sensitized solar panel includes a metal oxide layer and an organic photosensitizing dye on the metal oxide layer. The organic photosensitizing dye is extracted from chard (B. vulgaris subsp. cicla), and the metal oxide layer is composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using B. vulgaris subsp. cicla dye as a reducing agent. A working electrode is mounted on a first transparent substrate. The working electrode includes a metal electrode and the metal oxide layer formed thereon. A counter electrode is mounted on a second transparent substrate. An electrolyte is sandwiched between the working electrode and the counter electrode.