A shield device (100) is for covering a radiation window (502). The shield device (100) includes a support structure (102) with an opening (106), and a flexible foil (104) covering at least the opening (106) of the support structure (102). The foil (104) includes carbon nanotubes in a form of a network (202) and the foil (104) is configured to allow radiation to pass through the foil (104) at least partly and to prevent objects (302) to pass through the foil (104). A radiation arrangement (500) includes a shield device (100), and a method is for producing a shield device (100) for a radiation window (502).

A method is for manufacturing a multilayer radiation window for an X-ray measurement apparatus. The method includes: producing a gas diffusion stop layer made of silicon nitride on a polished surface of a carrier; producing at least one combined layer on an opposite side of the gas diffusion stop layer than the carrier; attaching the combined structure including the carrier, the gas diffusion stop layer, the at least one combined layer to a region around an opening in a support structure with the at least one combined layer facing the support structure; and etching away the carrier. The at least one combined layer includes: a light attenuation layer made of aluminium, and a strengthening layer. A radiation window is manufactured with the method.

A window portion has a membrane that separates a space inside a container and a space outside the container, and a structure (glass structure) that is bonded to the membrane to support the membrane. The membrane and the structure are bonded by anodic bonding, and a chemical bonding layer is formed between them. The structure is composed of a grid having a plurality of openings, and an outer frame around the grid. A metal layer may be provided between the membrane and the structure.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer radiation window for an X-ray measurement apparatus. The method comprises: producing a gas diffusion stop layer made of silicon nitride on a polished surface of a carrier; producing at least one combined layer on an opposite side of said gas diffusion stop layer than said carrier; attaching the combined structure comprising said carrier, said gas diffusion stop layer, said at least one combined layer to a region around an opening in a support structure with the at least one combined layer facing said support structure; and etching away said carrier. The at least one combined layer comprises: a light attenuation layer made of aluminium, and a strengthening layer. The invention relates also a radiation window manufactured with the method.