Provided is a high voltage driving device including a housing and a cathode, an anode, and an insulation structure, which are disposed in the housing. Here, the cathode and the anode are spaced apart from each other with the insulation structure therebetween. Also, the insulation structure includes a first solid insulator disposed adjacent to the cathode and a second solid insulator disposed adjacent to the anode. Also, the first solid insulator has first volumetric resistivity less than second volumetric resistivity of the second solid insulator, and the first solid insulator contacts the cathode.

Provided is a high voltage driving device including a housing and a cathode, an anode, and an insulation structure, which are disposed in the housing. Here, the cathode and the anode are spaced apart from each other with the insulation structure therebetween. Also, the insulation structure includes a first solid insulator disposed adjacent to the cathode and a second solid insulator disposed adjacent to the anode. Also, the first solid insulator has first volumetric resistivity less than second volumetric resistivity of the second solid insulator, and the first solid insulator contacts the cathode.

A portable XRF analyzer includes a hand shield to substantially block x-rays from impinging on a hand of a user. The portable XRF analyzer includes a heat sink over an x-ray source and a heat sink over an x-ray detector. The heat sinks are separated from each other by a thermally insulative material.

One aspect relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body including: i.) providing a silicon dioxide granulate, ii.) making a first glass melt out of the silicon dioxide granulate, iii.) making a glass product out of at least one part of the glass melt, iv.) reducing the size of the glass product to obtain a quartz glass grain, v.) making a further glass melt from the quartz glass grain and vi.) making a quartz glass body out of at least one part of the further glass melt. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a quartz glass body obtainable by this process. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a reactor, which is obtainable by further processing of the quartz glass body.

One aspect relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body including: i.) providing a silicon dioxide granulate, ii.) making a first glass melt out of the silicon dioxide granulate, iii.) making a glass product out of at least one part of the glass melt, iv.) reducing the size of the glass product to obtain a quartz glass grain, v.) making a further glass melt from the quartz glass grain and vi.) making a quartz glass body out of at least one part of the further glass melt. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a quartz glass body obtainable by this process. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a reactor, which is obtainable by further processing of the quartz glass body.

A closed loop tubular discharge assembly for an electrodeless light-emitting device and discharge reactor is disclosed. The discharge assembly comprises one or more tubular segments tubularly connected at their respective ends to form the closed loop tubular assembly, which hermetically encloses an ionizable gas. At least one of the one or more tubular segments forms a non-cylindrical, hollow-shaped tubular segment. In one embodiment, the non-cylindrical, hollow-shaped segment is formed by an internal tube at least partially enclosed within an external tube, forming a hollow-shaped discharge envelope enclosing the ionizable gas there between. When a discharge current circulates in the ionizable gas of the envelope, a hollow-shaped plasma is created in the envelope and surrounds the internal tube. This design has been shown to increase performance and provide several improvements over prior art devices.

Provided is a high voltage driving device including a housing and a cathode, an anode, and an insulation structure, which are disposed in the housing. Here, the cathode and the anode are spaced apart from each other with the insulation structure therebetween. Also, the insulation structure includes a first solid insulator disposed adjacent to the cathode and a second solid insulator disposed adjacent to the anode. Also, the first solid insulator has first volumetric resistivity less than second volumetric resistivity of the second solid insulator, and the first solid insulator contacts the cathode.

Provided is a high voltage driving device including a housing and a cathode, an anode, and an insulation structure, which are disposed in the housing. Here, the cathode and the anode are spaced apart from each other with the insulation structure therebetween. Also, the insulation structure includes a first solid insulator disposed adjacent to the cathode and a second solid insulator disposed adjacent to the anode. Also, the first solid insulator has first volumetric resistivity less than second volumetric resistivity of the second solid insulator, and the first solid insulator contacts the cathode.

An XRF analyzer can include an x-ray source and an x-ray detector; an x-ray source heat-sink adjacent a side of the x-ray source; and an x-ray detector heat-sink adjacent a side of the x-ray detector. In one embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/(m*K). In another embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by at least 3 millimeters of a thermally insulating material. In one embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by a segment of the engine component casing. Separation of the heat sinks can help avoid heat from the x-ray source adversely affecting resolution of the x-ray detector.