A seal for a vacuum chamber is formed from two outer insulation blocks, an intermediate insulation block, some interior insulation sheets and some exterior insulation sheets. A first outer insulation block seals between a first wall of the vacuum chamber and a first power transmission plate. A second outer insulation block seals between a second wall of the vacuum chamber and a second power transmission plate. The intermediate insulation block seals between the first and second power transmission plates. The interior insulation sheets are arranged in slots in a first side of the intermediate insulation block. The exterior insulation sheets are arranged in the slots in a second side of the intermediate insulation block.

An electrical termination unit or feedthrough which may be used for routing electrical conductors through a chamber wall, or otherwise across a barrier between isolated atmospheric conditions. The electrical termination unit may have aluminum as the interface material to the chamber interface and may utilize a ceramic insulator. The electrical termination unit may have the aluminum used as the interface brazed directly to a ceramic surface of the insulator. The aluminum that forms the chamber interface may be formed within a hollow ceramic tube in the same process step that brazes the aluminum to the ceramic tube with a hermetic joint. Machining subsequent to the brazing of the aluminum to the ceramic insulator may allow for achievement of the final form desired. A method for manufacturing such an electrical termination unit.

An electrical termination unit or feedthrough which may be used for routing electrical conductors through a chamber wall, or otherwise across a barrier between isolated atmospheric conditions. The electrical termination unit may have aluminum as the interface material to the chamber interface and may utilize a ceramic insulator. The electrical termination unit may have the aluminum used as the interface brazed directly to a ceramic surface of the insulator. The aluminum that forms the chamber interface may be formed within a hollow ceramic tube in the same process step that brazes the aluminum to the ceramic tube with a hermetic joint. Machining subsequent to the brazing of the aluminum to the ceramic insulator may allow for achievement of the final form desired. A method for manufacturing such an electrical termination unit.

A cylindrical X-ray tube having an outer insulating layer, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode disposed at both ends of the outer insulating layer, a gate electrode disposed between the cathode and anode electrodes, an emitter, and a target, comprises an inner insulating layer which is disposed between the cathode electrode and the outer insulating layer, is formed to extend downward in a coaxial direction with the outer insulating layer, and is pre-adjusted in order to secure an insulating distance between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode. Thus, by providing a separate internal insulating layer extending coaxially with the external insulating layer between the cathode electrode and the external insulating layer, the insulating distance between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode, the insulating distance between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode may be easily adjusted, so that a desired insulating capability can be secured.

A glass-to-metal seal assembly for electrical components. The glass-to-metal seal assembly provides ceramic washers that sandwiches the glass portion of the glass-to-metal seals. The ceramic washer encases the glass seal, thereby reinforcing the glass surface against crack propagation and the formation of a fragile glass meniscus at the interface of the glass seal and the encased electrical component. The ceramic washers may have a coefficient of thermal expansion that closely matches the coefficient of thermal expansion all of the other components of the assembly.

A cylindrical X-ray tube having an outer insulating layer, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode disposed at both ends of the outer insulating layer, a gate electrode disposed between the cathode and anode electrodes, an emitter, and a target, comprises an inner insulating layer which is disposed between the cathode electrode and the outer insulating layer, is formed to extend downward in a coaxial direction with the outer insulating layer, and is pre-adjusted in order to secure an insulating distance between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode. Thus, by providing a separate internal insulating layer extending coaxially with the external insulating layer between the cathode electrode and the external insulating layer, the insulating distance between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode, the insulating distance between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode may be easily adjusted, so that a desired insulating capability can be secured.

An electrical termination unit or feedthrough which may be used for routing electrical conductors through a chamber wall, or otherwise across a barrier between isolated atmospheric conditions. The electrical termination unit may have aluminum as the interface material to the chamber interface and may utilize a ceramic insulator. The electrical termination unit may have the aluminum used as the interface brazed directly to a ceramic surface of the insulator. The aluminum that forms the chamber interface may be formed within a hollow ceramic tube in the same process step that brazes the aluminum to the ceramic tube with a hermetic joint. Machining subsequent to the brazing of the aluminum to the ceramic insulator may allow for achievement of the final form desired. A method for manufacturing such an electrical termination unit.

Chamber connection methods and apparatus are provided. In some embodiments, a signal wire is attached to a drift chamber by feeding a signal wire through an end of the drift chamber; feeding the signal wire through the dielectric tube; extending the dielectric tube outwardly from the drift chamber end; and at a location on the outside of the drift chamber end, setting the extending dielectric tube and signal wire together to thereby fit the signal wire to the drift chamber end and gas seal the dielectric tube end. In some other embodiments, the drift chamber is a muon drift tube. In some embodiments, drift tube end cap assemblies with and without gas ports are provided for attaching the signal wire to the drift tube.

Chamber connection methods and apparatus are provided. In some embodiments, a signal wire is attached to a drift chamber by feeding a signal wire through an end of the drift chamber; feeding the signal wire through the dielectric tube; extending the dielectric tube outwardly from the drift chamber end; and at a location on the outside of the drift chamber end, setting the extending dielectric tube and signal wire together to thereby fit the signal wire to the drift chamber end and gas seal the dielectric tube end. In some other embodiments, the drift chamber is a muon drift tube. In some embodiments, drift tube end cap assemblies with and without gas ports are provided for attaching the signal wire to the drift tube.

Chamber connection methods and apparatus are provided. In some embodiments, a signal wire is attached to a drift chamber by feeding a signal wire through an end of the drift chamber; feeding the signal wire through the dielectric tube; extending the dielectric tube outwardly from the drift chamber end; and at a location on the outside of the drift chamber end, setting the extending dielectric tube and signal wire together to thereby fit the signal wire to the drift chamber end and gas seal the dielectric tube end. In some other embodiments, the drift chamber is a muon drift tube. In some embodiments, drift tube end cap assemblies with and without gas ports are provided for attaching the signal wire to the drift tube.