An array of carbon nanotube micro-tip structure includes an insulating substrate and a plurality of patterned carbon nanotube film structures. The insulating substrate includes a surface. The surface includes an edge. A plurality of patterned carbon nanotube film structures spaced from each other. Each of the plurality of patterned carbon nanotube film structures is partially arranged on the surface of the insulating substrate. Each of the plurality of patterned carbon nanotube film structures comprises two strip-shaped arms joined together forming a tip portion protruding and suspending from the edge of the surface of the insulating substrate. Each of the two strip-shaped arms comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes parallel to the surface of the insulating substrate.

A target for ultraviolet light generation comprises a substrate adapted to transmit ultraviolet light therethrough and a light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate and generating ultraviolet light UV in response to an electron beam. The light-emitting layer includes a powdery or granular rare-earth-containing aluminum garnet crystal doped with an activator. The light-emitting layer has an ultraviolet light emission peak wavelength of 300 nm or shorter.

A target for ultraviolet light generation comprises a substrate adapted to transmit ultraviolet light therethrough and a light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate and generating ultraviolet light UV in response to an electron beam. The light-emitting layer includes a powdery or granular rare-earth-containing aluminum garnet crystal doped with an activator. The light-emitting layer has an ultraviolet light emission peak wavelength of 300 nm or shorter.

An ultraviolet light generation target includes a light emitting layer. The light emitting layer contains a YPO.sub.4 crystal to which at least scandium (Sc) is added, and receives an electron beam to generate ultraviolet light. Further, a method of manufacturing the ultraviolet light generation target includes a first step of preparing a mixture containing yttrium (Y) oxide, Sc oxide, phosphoric acid, and a liquid, a second step of evaporating the liquid, and a third step of firing the mixture.

An ultraviolet light generation target includes a light emitting layer. The light emitting layer contains a YPO.sub.4 crystal to which at least scandium (Sc) is added, and receives an electron beam to generate ultraviolet light. Further, a method of manufacturing the ultraviolet light generation target includes a first step of preparing a mixture containing yttrium (Y) oxide, Sc oxide, phosphoric acid, and a liquid, a second step of evaporating the liquid, and a third step of firing the mixture.

The manufacturing method is a method for manufacturing a light emitter that generates ultraviolet light. The light emitter contains a YPO.sub.4 crystal to which at least scandium (Sc) is added, and receives an electron beam or excitation light having a shorter wavelength than a wavelength of the ultraviolet light, to generate the ultraviolet light. The manufacturing method includes: producing a first mixture; producing a second mixture; producing a third mixture; and sintering the third mixture. The first mixture containing a compound of yttrium (Y), a compound of scandium (Sc), phosphoric acid or a phosphate compound, and a liquid is produced. In the producing the second mixture, the second mixture in a powder form is produced by evaporating the liquid. In the producing the third mixture, the third mixture is produced by mixing either one or both of an alkali metal halide and an alkali metal carbonate with the second mixture.

The manufacturing method is a method for manufacturing a light emitter that generates ultraviolet light. The light emitter contains a YPO.sub.4 crystal to which at least scandium (Sc) is added, and receives an electron beam or excitation light having a shorter wavelength than a wavelength of the ultraviolet light, to generate the ultraviolet light. The manufacturing method includes: producing a first mixture; producing a second mixture; producing a third mixture; and sintering the third mixture. The first mixture containing a compound of yttrium (Y), a compound of scandium (Sc), phosphoric acid or a phosphate compound, and a liquid is produced. In the producing the second mixture, the second mixture in a powder form is produced by evaporating the liquid. In the producing the third mixture, the third mixture is produced by mixing either one or both of an alkali metal halide and an alkali metal carbonate with the second mixture.

A display has a screen which incorporates a light modulator. The screen may be a front projection screen or a rear-projection screen. The screen is illuminated with light from a light source comprising an array of controllable light-emitters. The controllable-emitters and elements of the light modulator may be controlled to adjust the intensity of light emanating from corresponding areas on the screen. The display may provide a high dynamic range.

A display has a screen which incorporates a light modulator. The screen may be a front projection screen or a rear-projection screen. The screen is illuminated with light from a light source comprising an array of controllable light-emitters. The controllable-emitters and elements of the light modulator may be controlled to adjust the intensity of light emanating from corresponding areas on the screen. The display may provide a high dynamic range.

An antimicrobial device, such as a flashlight, lantern, or lamp, is discussed herein. The antimicrobial device produces light in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum (i.e., 150-250 nm), including 200-230 nm. The antimicrobial device includes an electron source, an extractor, and a target material. The electron source provides the electrons of sufficient energy to cause a photon to be released, whether by a target or by the electron itself. The extractor extracts the electrons from the electron source. The target material is a component at which the electron is directed. The target material can release a photon having a desired wavelength or within a desired wavelength range or cause the electron to release a photon having a desired wavelength or within a desired wavelength range.