An infrared light radiation device includes a radiation unit and a condenser. The radiation unit includes a heater and a metamaterial structure. The metamaterial structure is able to radiate, when heat energy is input from the heater, infrared light having a peak wavelength of a non-Planck distribution. The condenser includes at least one condensing lens that concentrates and transmits toward outside the infrared light radiated from the radiation unit.

An infrared light radiation device includes a radiation unit and a condenser. The radiation unit includes a heater and a metamaterial structure. The metamaterial structure is able to radiate, when heat energy is input from the heater, infrared light having a peak wavelength of a non-Planck distribution. The condenser includes at least one condensing lens that concentrates and transmits toward outside the infrared light radiated from the radiation unit.

Described herein is a device and a method for generating radiation, in particular pulsed radiation, specifically within the infrared spectral range. Also described herein is a computer program product which includes executable instructions for performing the method. The device for generating radiation includes at least one radiation emitting element, where the radiation emitting element is designated for generating radiation upon being heated by an electrical current; a mount, where the mount carries the at least one radiation emitting element, and where the mount or a portion thereof is movable; and a heat sink, where the heat sink is designated for cooling the mount and the at least one radiation emitting element being carried by the mount upon being touched by the mount. The device, the method, and the computer program product can be used in a spectroscopic application.

The invention relates to a holding device for at least one filament, comprising: at least one filament receptacle for receiving the at least one filament. The holding device is designed for the detachable attachment, in particular clamping attachment, of the at least one filament receptacle to a container of an ionization device. The invention also relates to a mass spectrometer comprising: an ionization device having a container in which an ionization space for ionizing a gas is formed, at least one holding device which is designed for the detachable attachment, in particular clamping attachment, of the at least one filament receptacle to the container, and a vacuum housing to which the holding device, in particular a base body of the holding device, is detachably connected.

The invention relates to a holding device for at least one filament, comprising: at least one filament receptacle for receiving the at least one filament. The holding device is designed for the detachable attachment, in particular clamping attachment, of the at least one filament receptacle to a container of an ionization device. The invention also relates to a mass spectrometer comprising: an ionization device having a container in which an ionization space for ionizing a gas is formed, at least one holding device which is designed for the detachable attachment, in particular clamping attachment, of the at least one filament receptacle to the container, and a vacuum housing to which the holding device, in particular a base body of the holding device, is detachably connected.

Described herein is a device and a method for generating radiation, in particular pulsed radiation, specifically within the infrared spectral range. Also described herein is a computer program product which includes executable instructions for performing the method. The device for generating radiation includes at least one radiation emitting element, where the radiation emitting element is designated for generating radiation upon being heated by an electrical current; a mount, where the mount carries the at least one radiation emitting element, and where the mount or a portion thereof is movable; and a heat sink, where the heat sink is designated for cooling the mount and the at least one radiation emitting element being carried by the mount upon being touched by the mount. The device, the method, and the computer program product can be used in a spectroscopic application.

A vapor deposition source that includes a substantially vertical plate to which first and second filament posts are coupled. The vapor deposition source also includes a filament having a first end and a second end. The filament provides a substantially concentric source of electrons. The first end of the filament is connected to the first filament post and the second end of the filament is connected to the second filament post. The first end of the filament is substantially vertically aligned with the second end of the filament when the filament is connected to the first and second posts.

A lamp for automotive front lighting and a vehicle headlight comprising the lamp are described, as well as a method of manufacturing the lamp. The lamp 10 comprises a base 12 for mechanical and electrical connection to an automotive headlight 50. A burner 14 is fixed to the base 12 and comprises an enclosed transparent vessel 22. A first filament 34 is arranged within the vessel 22. A holding wire 30c is arranged within the vessel, and a baffle 40 is arranged proximate to the first filament 34 to partially shield light emitted from the first filament 34. The baffle 40 is fixed to the holding wire 30c. The transparent vessel 22 comprises a vessel wall including a cylindrical portion 24 surrounding the first filament 34. In order to obtain a lamp which may withstand vibration, the vessel wall comprises, within the cylindrical portion 24, a deformed material portion 38 which contacts the baffle 40 or the holding wire 30c. The deformed material portion 38 is shielded from the first filament 34 by the baffle 40. During manufacture, the first filament 34, the baffle 40 and the holding wire 30c are inserted into the vessel 22, and the vessel wall is deformed to provide the deformed material portion 38.

A lamp for automotive front lighting and a vehicle headlight comprising the lamp are described, as well as a method of manufacturing the lamp. The lamp 10 comprises a base 12 for mechanical and electrical connection to an automotive headlight 50. A burner 14 is fixed to the base 12 and comprises an enclosed transparent vessel 22. A first filament 34 is arranged within the vessel 22. A holding wire 30c is arranged within the vessel, and a baffle 40 is arranged proximate to the first filament 34 to partially shield light emitted from the first filament 34. The baffle 40 is fixed to the holding wire 30c. The transparent vessel 22 comprises a vessel wall including a cylindrical portion 24 surrounding the first filament 34. In order to obtain a lamp which may withstand vibration, the vessel wall comprises, within the cylindrical portion 24, a deformed material portion 38 which contacts the baffle 40 or the holding wire 30c. The deformed material portion 38 is shielded from the first filament 34 by the baffle 40. During manufacture, the first filament 34, the baffle 40 and the holding wire 30c are inserted into the vessel 22, and the vessel wall is deformed to provide the deformed material portion 38.

A filament assembly includes a core and a filament. At least a central portion of the filament is disposed on the core. At least the central portion may be straight or may have a high-resistance configuration such as one in which the filament follows a path that changes direction. A thermionically emissive layer may be disposed on the core so as to encapsulate at least the central portion. The filament assembly may be utilized in any application requiring the production of electrons.