A conductive polymer-solder ball structure is provided. The conductive polymer-solder ball structure includes a wafer having at least one metal pad providing an electrical conductive path to a substrate layer, a conductive polymer pad located directly on the wafer over the at least one metal pad, an electrolessly plated layer located on a surface of the conductive polymer pad, and a solder ball located on a surface of the electrolessly plated layer.

In described examples, a circuit (e.g., an integrated circuit) includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a frontside surface and a backside surface. A circuit element is included at the frontside surface. An optional electrical insulator layer can be included adjacent to the backside surface. A distributor layer is included adjacent to the backside surface. In some examples, the distributor layer includes a distributor material that includes a matrix of cohered nanoparticles and metallic particles embedded by the cohered nanoparticles.

In described examples, a circuit (e.g., an integrated circuit) includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a frontside surface and a backside surface. A circuit element is included at the frontside surface. An optional electrical insulator layer can be included adjacent to the backside surface. A distributor layer is included adjacent to the backside surface. In some examples, the distributor layer includes a distributor material that includes a matrix of cohered nanoparticles and metallic particles embedded by the cohered nanoparticles.

An integrated circuit (IC) die structure comprises a substrate material comprising silicon. Integrated circuitry is over a first side of the substrate material. A composite layer is in direct contact with a second side of the substrate material. The second side is opposite the first side. The composite layer comprises a first constituent material associated with a first linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and a first thermal conductivity exceeding that of the substrate. The composite layer also comprises a second constituent material associated with a second CTE that is lower than the first, and a second thermal conductivity exceeding that of the substrate.

An integrated circuit (IC) die structure comprises a substrate material comprising silicon. Integrated circuitry is over a first side of the substrate material. A composite layer is in direct contact with a second side of the substrate material. The second side is opposite the first side. The composite layer comprises a first constituent material associated with a first linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and a first thermal conductivity exceeding that of the substrate. The composite layer also comprises a second constituent material associated with a second CTE that is lower than the first, and a second thermal conductivity exceeding that of the substrate.

In described examples, a circuit (e.g., an integrated circuit) includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a frontside surface and a backside surface. A circuit element is included at the frontside surface. An optional electrical insulator layer can be included adjacent to the backside surface. A distributor layer is included adjacent to the backside surface. In some examples, the distributor layer includes a distributor material that includes a matrix of cohered nanoparticles and metallic particles embedded by the cohered nanoparticles.

In described examples, a circuit (e.g., an integrated circuit) includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a frontside surface and a backside surface. A circuit element is included at the frontside surface. An optional electrical insulator layer can be included adjacent to the backside surface. A distributor layer is included adjacent to the backside surface. In some examples, the distributor layer includes a distributor material that includes a matrix of cohered nanoparticles and metallic particles embedded by the cohered nanoparticles.

A chip package which includes a chip, at least one first dielectric layer, at least one second dielectric layer, at least one conductive circuit, and at least one third dielectric layer is provide. The conductive circuit is formed by highly concentrated silver paste or copper paste filled in at least one first groove of the first dielectric layer and at least one second groove of the second dielectric layer while at least one die pad of the chip is electrically connected with the conductive circuit for improving electrical conduction efficiency of the conductive circuit. Moreover, at least one die-pad bump is formed in the first groove, arranged at and electrically connected with a surface of the die pad for protecting of the die pad.

A semiconductor element includes an element body, a surface protective film and an electrode. The element body has a front surface and a side surface connected to the front surface. The surface protective film is supported on the front surface of the element body. The surface protective film has a cutout portion recessed inward from an outer edge of the surface protective film as viewed in a thickness direction of the element body. The electrode is disposed in the cutout portion and electrically connected to the element body. The element body has a ledge protruding with respect to the side surface in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. The ledge is adjacent to an opening of the cutout portion as viewed in the thickness direction.

A semiconductor element includes an element body, a surface protective film and an electrode. The element body has a front surface and a side surface connected to the front surface. The surface protective film is supported on the front surface of the element body. The surface protective film has a cutout portion recessed inward from an outer edge of the surface protective film as viewed in a thickness direction of the element body. The electrode is disposed in the cutout portion and electrically connected to the element body. The element body has a ledge protruding with respect to the side surface in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. The ledge is adjacent to an opening of the cutout portion as viewed in the thickness direction.