An electronic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first conductive element, a second conductive element and a third conductive element. The first substrate has a top surface and a first side surface. The second substrate is oppositely disposed on the first substrate and has a second side surface parallel to the first side surface. The first conductive element and the third conductive element are disposed on the top surface of the first substrate. The second conductive element is disposed on the first side surface of the first substrate and the second side surface of the second substrate. The third conductive element contacts the first conductive element to define a first contact area, the third conductive element contacts the second conductive element to define a second contact area, and the first contact area is greater than the second contact area.

An electronic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first conductive element, a second conductive element and a third conductive element. The first substrate has a top surface and a first side surface. The second substrate is oppositely disposed on the first substrate and has a second side surface parallel to the first side surface. The first conductive element and the third conductive element are disposed on the top surface of the first substrate. The second conductive element is disposed on the first side surface of the first substrate and the second side surface of the second substrate. The third conductive element contacts the first conductive element to define a first contact area, the third conductive element contacts the second conductive element to define a second contact area, and the first contact area is greater than the second contact area.

A lead frame is disclosed. In an embodiment, the lead frame includes a frame having a plurality of lead frame sections, wherein the lead frame sections are connected to the frame, wherein the frame has at least two longitudinal sides and at least two transverse sides, wherein at least in one longitudinal side includes an imprint, and wherein the imprint bolsters stability of the longitudinal side against sagging.

An optical sensor includes a flexible substrate, a light emitting element, and a light receiving element. The light emitting element and the light receiving element are mounted on element mounting portions and connected to element connection portions by wires. The optical sensor also includes through wirings extending through the substrate. Each through wiring is bonded to the element mounting portion or the element connection portion. The through wirings include a heat radiation through wiring that is located immediately below the light emitting element and bonded to the element mounting portion on which the light emitting element is mounted. The optical sensor further includes light shielding materials and encapsulation resins for surrounding and encapsulating the light emitting element and the light receiving element, respectively.

A method of manufacturing an electronic device is provided, wherein the method includes the following steps. A first substrate is provided, wherein the first substrate has a top surface and a side surface. A first wire is formed on the top surface of the first substrate. An auxiliary bonding pad is formed on the top surface of the first substrate, and the auxiliary bonding pad contacts the first wire. A second wire is formed on the side surface of the first substrate, and the second wire contacts the auxiliary bonding pad. The second wire and the auxiliary bonding pad include at least one same material.

A method of manufacturing an electronic device is provided, wherein the method includes the following steps. A first substrate is provided, wherein the first substrate has a top surface and a side surface. A first wire is formed on the top surface of the first substrate. An auxiliary bonding pad is formed on the top surface of the first substrate, and the auxiliary bonding pad contacts the first wire. A second wire is formed on the side surface of the first substrate, and the second wire contacts the auxiliary bonding pad. The second wire and the auxiliary bonding pad include at least one same material.

A method of manufacturing an electronic device is provided, wherein the method includes the following steps. A first substrate is provided, wherein the first substrate has a top surface and a side surface. A first wire is formed on the top surface of the first substrate. An auxiliary bonding pad is formed on the top surface of the first substrate, and the auxiliary bonding pad contacts the first wire. A second wire is formed on the side surface of the first substrate, and the second wire contacts the auxiliary bonding pad. The second wire and the auxiliary bonding pad include at least one same material.

A method of manufacturing an electronic device is provided, wherein the method includes the following steps. A first substrate is provided, wherein the first substrate has a top surface and a side surface. A first wire is formed on the top surface of the first substrate. An auxiliary bonding pad is formed on the top surface of the first substrate, and the auxiliary bonding pad contacts the first wire. A second wire is formed on the side surface of the first substrate, and the second wire contacts the auxiliary bonding pad. The second wire and the auxiliary bonding pad include at least one same material.

The disclosure relates to the field of electronic elements, and discloses an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module assembly which comprises a cooling plate and an IGBT module fixedly connected to the cooling plate, wiring terminals are arranged at an end face of the IGBT module, which is away from the cooling plate, the IGBT module comprises a side face adjacent to the end face, and the side face and the cooling plate form a water guiding groove. In the disclosure, the side face and the cooling plate form the water guiding groove, and a great amount of condensed water collected on the cooling plate can be guided to flow out through the water guiding groove instead of flowing to the end face of the IGBT module, on which the wiring terminals are arranged.

An emitter for an LED-based lighting device can incorporate flip-chip LEDs, in which all electrical contacts are disposed on the bottom surface of the chip. The emitter base can be a multilayer high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) substrate, with metal traces formed between the layers and vias through the layers to join traces in different layers, thereby providing electrical connectivity to each LED. The paths can be arranged such that current can be supplied independently to different subsets of the LEDs. The top layer of the emitter base is fabricated with exposed vias at the top surface. Metal pads are then printed onto the exposed vias on the top surface, and flip-chip LEDs are bonded to the metal pads, e.g., using solder.