The present invention generally relates to a radiation detector element wherein a photodiode is transversely fixed to a detector element substrate through at least one connection comprising two fused solder balls, wherein a first of the two fused solder balls contacts the photodiode and a second of the two fused solder balls (contacts the detector element substrate. The invention further relates to a method of transversally attaching two substrates, in particular constructing the above-mentioned radiation detector element. It also relates to an imaging system comprising at least one radiation detector element.

Disclosed herein are microelectronic structures including bridges, as well as related assemblies and methods. In some embodiments, a microelectronic structure may include a substrate and a bridge.

A chip package structure is provided. The chip package structure includes a wiring substrate including a substrate, a first pad, and a second pad. The first pad and the second pad are respectively over a first surface and a second surface of the substrate, and the first pad is narrower than the second pad. The chip package structure includes a conductive adhesive layer over the first pad. The conductive adhesive layer is in direct contact with the first pad. The chip package structure includes a nickel layer over the conductive adhesive layer. The chip package structure includes a chip over the wiring substrate. The chip package structure includes a conductive bump between the nickel layer and the chip. The conductive bump includes gold.

A chip package structure is provided. The chip package structure includes a wiring substrate including a substrate, a first pad, and a second pad. The first pad and the second pad are respectively over a first surface and a second surface of the substrate, and the first pad is narrower than the second pad. The chip package structure includes a nickel layer over the first pad. The nickel layer has a T-shape in a cross-sectional view of the nickel layer. The chip package structure includes a chip over the wiring substrate. The chip package structure includes a conductive bump between the nickel layer and the chip.

A chip package structure is provided. The chip package structure includes a wiring substrate including a substrate, a first pad, and a second pad. The first pad and the second pad are respectively over a first surface and a second surface of the substrate, and the first pad is narrower than the second pad. The chip package structure includes a conductive adhesive layer over the first pad. The conductive adhesive layer is in direct contact with the first pad. The chip package structure includes a nickel layer over the conductive adhesive layer. The chip package structure includes a chip over the wiring substrate. The chip package structure includes a conductive bump between the nickel layer and the chip. The conductive bump includes gold.

A method for forming a chip package structure is provided. The method includes providing a wiring substrate including a substrate, a pad, and a polymer layer. The polymer layer is over the substrate and the pad, and the polymer layer has a first opening exposing the pad. The method includes forming a conductive adhesive layer over the polymer layer and the pad. The conductive adhesive layer is in direct contact with and conformally covers the polymer layer and the pad. The method includes forming a nickel layer over the conductive adhesive layer. The nickel layer is thicker than the conductive adhesive layer, and the nickel layer and the conductive adhesive layer are made of different materials. The method includes bonding a chip to the wiring substrate through a conductive bump. The conductive bump is between the nickel layer and the chip.

A method for forming a chip package structure is provided. The method includes providing a wiring substrate including a substrate, a pad, and a polymer layer. The polymer layer is over the substrate and the pad, and the polymer layer has a first opening exposing the pad. The method includes forming a conductive adhesive layer over the polymer layer and the pad. The conductive adhesive layer is in direct contact with and conformally covers the polymer layer and the pad. The method includes forming a nickel layer over the conductive adhesive layer. The nickel layer is thicker than the conductive adhesive layer, and the nickel layer and the conductive adhesive layer are made of different materials. The method includes bonding a chip to the wiring substrate through a conductive bump. The conductive bump is between the nickel layer and the chip.

A substrate bonding apparatus that bonds a first substrate and a second substrate together, comprising a joining section that joins the first substrate and second substrate together aligned to each other for stacking; a detecting section that detects an uneven state on at least one of the first substrate and second substrate prior to joining by the joining section; and a determining section that determines whether the uneven state detected by the detecting section satisfies a predetermined condition, wherein the joining section does not join the first substrate and the second substrate if it is determined by the determining section that the uneven state does not satisfy the predetermined condition.

A method for producing a semiconductor chip is a method for producing a semiconductor chip that includes a substrate, a conductive portion formed on the substrate, and a microbump formed on the conductive portion, which includes a smooth surface formation process of forming a smooth surface on the microbump, and the smooth surface formation process includes a heating process of causing a reducing gas to flow in an inert atmosphere into a space where the semiconductor chips are arranged and heated at or higher than a temperature of a melting point of the microbump, and in the heating process, a pressure application member is mounted on the microbump and among principal surfaces of the pressure application member, a principal surface that contacts the microbump is a flat surface.

A method for producing a semiconductor chip is a method for producing a semiconductor chip that includes a substrate, a conductive portion formed on the substrate, and a microbump formed on the conductive portion, which includes a smooth surface formation process of forming a smooth surface on the microbump, and the smooth surface formation process includes a heating process of causing a reducing gas to flow in an inert atmosphere into a space where the semiconductor chips are arranged and heated at or higher than a temperature of a melting point of the microbump, and in the heating process, a pressure application member is mounted on the microbump and among principal surfaces of the pressure application member, a principal surface that contacts the microbump is a flat surface.