An interconnect structure includes a substrate, a dielectric layer on the substrate, a metal interconnect layer in the dielectric layer and in contact with the substrate, the metal interconnect layer having an upper surface flush with an upper surface of the dielectric layer, and a graphene layer on the metal interconnect layer. The graphene layer insulates a metal from air and prevents the metal from being oxidized by oxygen in the air, thereby increasing the queue time for the CMP process and the device reliability.

A first semiconductor structure including a first bonding oxide layer having a first metallic structure embedded therein and a second semiconductor structure including a second bonding oxide layer having second metallic structure embedded therein are provided. A high-k dielectric material is formed on a surface of the first metallic structure. A nitride surface treatment process is performed to provide a nitrided surface layer to each structure. The nitrided surface layer includes nitridized oxide regions located in an upper portion of the bonding oxide layers and either a nitridized high-k dielectric material located in at least an upper portion of the high k dielectric material or a nitridized metallic region located in an upper portion of the second metallic structure. The nitrogen within the nitridized metallic region is then selectively removed to restore the upper portion of the second metallic structure to its original composition. Bonding is then performed.

A method includes forming one or more vias in a first layer, forming one or more vias in at least a second layer different than the first layer, aligning at least a first via in the first layer with at least a second via in the second layer, and bonding the first layer to the second layer by filling the first via and the second via with solder material using injection molded soldering.

Implementations of semiconductor packages may include a die having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a first metal layer coupled to the first side of the die, a tin layer coupled to the first metal layer, the first metal layer between the die and the tin layer, a backside metal layer coupled to the second side of the die, and a mold compound coupled to the die. The mold compound may cover a plurality of sidewalls of the first metal layer and a plurality of sidewalls of the tin layer and a surface of the mold compound is coplanar with a surface of the tin layer.

A method comprises embedding a semiconductor structure in a molding compound layer, depositing a plurality of photo-sensitive material layers over the molding compound layer, developing the plurality of photo-sensitive material layers to form a plurality of openings, wherein a first portion and a second portion of an opening of the plurality of openings are formed in different photo-sensitive material layers and filling the first portion and the second portion of the opening with a conductive material to form a first via in the first portion and a first redistribution layer in the second portion.

A package comprising a first substrate, a first integrated device coupled to the first substrate, and a second substrate, and a plurality of solder interconnects coupled to the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate comprises at least one first dielectric layer; a first plurality of interconnects, wherein the first plurality of interconnects include a first plurality of post interconnects; and a first solder resist layer coupled to a first surface of the first substrate. The second substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface; at least one second dielectric layer; a second plurality of interconnects, wherein the second plurality of interconnects comprises a second plurality of post interconnects; and a second solder resist layer coupled to the second surface of the second substrate. The second surface of the second substrate faces the first substrate. The second solder resist layer includes a cavity.

There is provided a terminal that includes a first conductive layer; a wiring layer on the first conductive layer; a second conductive layer on the wiring layer; and a conductive bonding layer which is in contact with a bottom surface and a side surface of the first conductive layer, a side surface of the wiring layer, a portion of a side surface of the second conductive layer, and a portion of a bottom surface of the second conductive layer, wherein an end portion of the second conductive layer protrudes from an end portion of the first conductive layer and an end portion of the wiring layer, and wherein the conductive bonding layer is in contact with a bottom surface of the end portion of the second conductive layer.

A cavity may be formed in a dielectric material layer overlying a substrate. A layer stack including a metallic barrier liner, a metallic fill material layer, and a metallic capping material may be deposited in the cavity and over the dielectric material layer. Portions of the layer stack located above a horizontal plane including a top surface of the dielectric material layer may be removed. A contiguous set of remaining material portions of the layer stack includes a metal interconnect structure that is free of a pitted surface.

Methods for forming interconnects on a substrate with low resistivity and high dopant interfaces. In some embodiments, a method includes depositing a first copper layer with a dopant with a first dopant content of 0.5 percent to 10 percent in the interconnect by sputtering a first copper-based target at a first temperature of zero degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius, annealing the substrate at a second temperature of 200 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius to reflow the first copper layer, depositing a second copper layer with the dopant with a second dopant content of zero percent to 0.5 percent by sputtering a second copper-based target at the first temperature of zero degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius, and annealing the substrate at a third temperature of 200 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius to reflow the second copper layer.

Provided are an interconnect structure and an electronic device including the same. The interconnect structure may include a conductive wiring having a certain pattern, a dielectric layer on side surfaces of the conductive wiring, a capping layer on the conductive wiring, and a graphene layer on the dielectric layer. The graphene layer may include a graphene material. A ratio of carbons having sp.sup.3 bonds to carbons having sp.sup.2 bonds in the graphene material is 1 or less.