The disclosure provides a silicon carbide seed crystal and a method of manufacturing a silicon carbide ingot. The silicon carbide seed crystal has a silicon surface and a carbon surface opposite to the silicon surface. A difference D between a basal plane dislocation density BPD1 of the silicon surface and a basal plane dislocation density BPD2 of the carbon surface satisfies the following formula (1), a local thickness variation (LTV) of the silicon carbide seed crystal is 2.5 μm or less, and a stacking fault (SF) density of the silicon carbide seed crystal is 10 EA/cm.sup.2 or less:

D=(BPD1−BPD2)/BPD1≤25%  (1).

Methods and systems for low etch pit density 6 inch semi-insulating gallium arsenide wafers may include a semi-insulating gallium arsenide single crystal wafer having a diameter of 6 inches or greater without intentional dopants for reducing dislocation density, an etch pit density of less than 1000 cm.sup.−2, and a resistivity of 1×10.sup.7 Ω-cm or more. The wafer may have an optical absorption of less than 5 cm.sup.−1 less than 4 cm.sup.−1 or less than 3 cm.sup.−1 at 940 nm wavelength. The wafer may have a carrier mobility of 3000 cm.sup.2/V-sec or higher. The wafer may have a thickness of 500 μm or greater. Electronic devices may be formed on a first surface of the wafer. The wafer may have a carrier concentration of 1.1×10.sup.7 cm.sup.−3 or less.

A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a NMOS gate structure over a substrate. The method further includes forming an amorphized region in the substrate adjacent to the NMOS gate structure. The method also includes forming a lightly doped source/drain (LDD) region in the amorphized region. The method further includes depositing a stress film over the NMOS gate structure, performing an annealing process, and removing the stress film.

A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a NMOS gate structure over a substrate. The method further includes forming an amorphized region in the substrate adjacent to the NMOS gate structure. The method also includes forming a lightly doped source/drain (LDD) region in the amorphized region. The method further includes depositing a stress film over the NMOS gate structure, performing an annealing process, and removing the stress film.

A cost effective process flow for manufacturing semiconductor on insulator structures is parallel is provided. Each of the multiple semiconductor-on-insulator composite structures prepared in parallel comprises a charge trapping layer (CTL).

A cost effective process flow for manufacturing semiconductor on insulator structures is parallel is provided. Each of the multiple semiconductor-on-insulator composite structures prepared in parallel comprises a charge trapping layer (CTL).

Provided is a method of cyclically depositing a thin film including: performing an oxide depositing operation of repeatedly performing a deposition operation, a first purge operation, a reaction operation, and a second purge operation, wherein the deposition operation deposits silicon on a target by injecting a silicon precursor into a chamber into which the target is loaded, the first purge operation removes a non-reacted silicon precursor and a reacted byproduct from inside the chamber, the reaction operation supplies a first reaction source including oxygen into the chamber to form the deposited silicon as an oxide including silicon, and the second purge operation removes a non-reacted first reaction source and a reacted byproduct from the inside of the chamber; and performing a plasma processing operation of supplying plasma made of a second reaction source including nitrogen to the inside of the chamber to process the oxide including the silicon.

A semiconductor structure includes a first magnetic layer, an insulative oxide layer, an oxygen trapping layer and a cap layer. The insulative oxide layer is over the first magnetic layer. The oxygen trapping layer is over the insulative oxide layer. The oxygen concentration of the oxygen trapping layer is less than an oxygen concentration of the insulative oxide layer. The cap layer is over the oxygen trapping layer.

Hydrogen atoms and crystal defects are introduced into an n− semiconductor substrate by proton implantation. The crystal defects are generated in the n− semiconductor substrate by electron beam irradiation before or after the proton implantation. Then, a heat treatment for generating donors is performed. The amount of crystal defects is appropriately controlled during the heat treatment for generating donors to increase a donor generation rate. In addition, when the heat treatment for generating donors ends, the crystal defects formed by the electron beam irradiation and the proton implantation are recovered and controlled to an appropriate amount of crystal defects. Therefore, for example, it is possible to improve a breakdown voltage and reduce a leakage current.

According to the embodiment, a semiconductor device includes: a substrate; a stacked body provided on the substrate and including a plurality of electrode layers stacked with an insulator interposed; a semiconductor pillar provided on the substrate and in the stacked body; a semiconductor body provided in the stacked body; and an insulating film including a charge storage film provided between the plurality of electrode layers and the semiconductor body, and extending in the stacking direction. The semiconductor body includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is surrounded with the plurality of electrode layers and extends in a stacking direction of the stacked body. The second portion is in contact with an upper surface of the semiconductor pillar.