A high efficiency configuration for a string of solar cells comprises series-connected solar cells arranged in an overlapping shingle pattern. Front and back surface metallization patterns may provide further increases in efficiency.

A high efficiency configuration for a string of solar cells comprises series-connected solar cells arranged in an overlapping shingle pattern. Front and back surface metallization patterns may provide further increases in efficiency.

One or more techniques and/or systems are provided for facilitating a shutdown of output power from an energy panel arrangement to an inverter. A shutdown implementation module is coupled between an energy panel arrangement and an inverter that converts DC power from the energy panel arrangement to AC power for an AC power grid. A communication connection is established, over a power-line communication line, between the shutdown implementation module and a shutdown controller associated with the inverter. Responsive to identifying a loss of the communication connection or receiving a shutdown instruction over the power-line communication line, the shutdown implementation module shuts down output power from the energy panel arrangement to the inverter. The shutdown implementation module may be located within a threshold distance from the energy panel arrangement (e.g., within about 10 feet) so that the output power may be shutoff within a threshold timespan (e.g., within about 10 seconds).

One or more techniques and/or systems are provided for facilitating a shutdown of output power from an energy panel arrangement to an inverter. A shutdown implementation module is coupled between an energy panel arrangement and an inverter that converts DC power from the energy panel arrangement to AC power for an AC power grid. A communication connection is established, over a power-line communication line, between the shutdown implementation module and a shutdown controller associated with the inverter. Responsive to identifying a loss of the communication connection or receiving a shutdown instruction over the power-line communication line, the shutdown implementation module shuts down output power from the energy panel arrangement to the inverter. The shutdown implementation module may be located within a threshold distance from the energy panel arrangement (e.g., within about 10 feet) so that the output power may be shutoff within a threshold timespan (e.g., within about 10 seconds).

Passive radiative cooling structures and apparatus manufactured with such cooling structures conserve energy needs. A flexible film transparent to visible light incorporates particles at a volume percentage larger than 25% so as to absorb and emit infrared radiation at wavelengths where Earth's atmosphere is transparent. Another film transparent to visible light is thin and flexible and configured to absorb and emit infrared radiation at wavelengths where Earth's atmosphere is transparent, wherein etchings or depositions are present on one or both surfaces. A high efficiency cooling structure has an emissive layer sandwiched between a waveguide layer and a thermal conductive layer. A solar cell panel is covered by a transparent passive radiative cooling film. A container housing an active cooling unit incorporates passive radiative cooling structures on one or more exterior surfaces.

Passive radiative cooling structures and apparatus manufactured with such cooling structures conserve energy needs. A flexible film transparent to visible light incorporates particles at a volume percentage larger than 25% so as to absorb and emit infrared radiation at wavelengths where Earth's atmosphere is transparent. Another film transparent to visible light is thin and flexible and configured to absorb and emit infrared radiation at wavelengths where Earth's atmosphere is transparent, wherein etchings or depositions are present on one or both surfaces. A high efficiency cooling structure has an emissive layer sandwiched between a waveguide layer and a thermal conductive layer. A solar cell panel is covered by a transparent passive radiative cooling film. A container housing an active cooling unit incorporates passive radiative cooling structures on one or more exterior surfaces.

A photovoltaic cell includes a front layer, a rear layer, and an absorber layer between the front layer and the rear layer. The front layer, the rear layer, or both includes a multiplicity of nanostructures having dimensions in a range of about 1 nm to about 1000 nm.

A photovoltaic cell includes a front layer, a rear layer, and an absorber layer between the front layer and the rear layer. The front layer, the rear layer, or both includes a multiplicity of nanostructures having dimensions in a range of about 1 nm to about 1000 nm.

The present disclosure relates to an energy harvesting technology for generating electrical energy by using a combination of a solar cell and a thermoelectric device. An energy harvesting system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a solar cell for generating electrical energy based on sunlight; a heat transfer layer formed on at least one edge portion of the upper surface of the solar cell on which sunlight is incident; and a thermoelectric device including a first electrode, a second electrode, a thermoelectric channel disposed between the first and second electrodes, having a horizontal structure in which the first electrode is disposed on the heat transfer layer to be arranged horizontally with respect to the solar cell, and configured to generate additional electrical energy based on the temperature difference between the first and second electrodes.

A chip package structure includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface being opposite surfaces of the substrate; a housing disposed on the first surface of the substrate and enclosing a chip region; and a chip set disposed in the chip region and electrically connected to the substrate. The chip set includes a first chip and a second chip, and an active surface of the second chip faces the active surface of the first chip.