A metal-ion battery cell is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode electrode may, for example, have a capacity loading in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and comprise anode particles that (i) have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 40 microns, (ii) exhibit a volume expansion in the range of about 8 vol. % to about 180 vol. % during one or more charge-discharge cycles of the battery cell, and (iii) exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 600 mAh/g to about 2600 mAh/g. The electrolyte may comprise, for example, (i) one or more metal-ion salts and (ii) a solvent composition that comprises one or more low-melting point solvents that each have a melting point below about −70° C. and a boiling point above about +70° C.

A metal-ion battery cell is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode electrode may, for example, have a capacity loading in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and comprise anode particles that (i) have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 40 microns, (ii) exhibit a volume expansion in the range of about 8 vol. % to about 180 vol. % during one or more charge-discharge cycles of the battery cell, and (iii) exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 600 mAh/g to about 2600 mAh/g. The electrolyte may comprise, for example, (i) one or more metal-ion salts and (ii) a solvent composition that comprises one or more low-melting point solvents that each have a melting point below about −70° C. and a boiling point above about +70° C.

The present disclosure relates to a secondary battery module including a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and an elastic body. The elastic body has a compressive elastic modulus of 5 MPa to 120 MPa. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode collector with a thermal conductive rate of 65 W/(m.Math.K) to 150 W/(m.Math.K). The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer including a first layer and a second layer sequentially formed from a side with the negative electrode collector. The first layer contains first carbon-based active material particles with a 10% proof stress of 3 MPa or less. The second layer contains second carbon-based active material particles with a 10% proof stress of 5 MPa or greater.

The present disclosure relates to a secondary battery module including a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and an elastic body. The elastic body has a compressive elastic modulus of 5 MPa to 120 MPa. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode collector with a thermal conductive rate of 65 W/(m.Math.K) to 150 W/(m.Math.K). The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer including a first layer and a second layer sequentially formed from a side with the negative electrode collector. The first layer contains first carbon-based active material particles with a 10% proof stress of 3 MPa or less. The second layer contains second carbon-based active material particles with a 10% proof stress of 5 MPa or greater.

A solid electrolyte represented by general formula Li.sub.ySiR.sub.x(MO.sub.4), where x is an integer from 1 to 3 inclusive, y=4−x, each R present is independently C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy, and M is sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Methods of making the solid electrolyte include combining a phenylsilane and a first acid to yield mixture including benzene and a second acid, and combining at least one of an alkali halide, and alkali amide, and an alkali alkoxide with the second acid to yield a product d represented by general formula Li.sub.ySiR.sub.x(MO.sub.4).sub.y. The second acid may be in the form of a liquid or a solid. The phenylsilane includes at least one C1-C3 alkyl substituent or at least one C1-C3 alkoxy substituent, and the first acid includes at least one of sulfuric acid, selenic acid, and telluric acid.

A charging device for charging a lithium-ion secondary battery based on at least a constant voltage method is provided. In the charging device, before starting charging with a constant voltage or while performing charging with a constant voltage, a first current pulse having a peak current value i.sub.1 larger than a charge current value i.sub.0 is applied at least once.

A charging device for charging a lithium-ion secondary battery based on at least a constant voltage method is provided. In the charging device, before starting charging with a constant voltage or while performing charging with a constant voltage, a first current pulse having a peak current value i.sub.1 larger than a charge current value i.sub.0 is applied at least once.

Rechargeable batteries include a Ni.sub.yFe.sub.1-y cathode where 0≤y≤1, an anode comprising a current collector, a porous separator positioned between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte comprising MAlX.sub.4, wherein M is Na, Li, K, or a combination thereof, and X is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, and wherein the electrolyte is a solid at temperatures less than 50° C. The batteries are temperature activated. The electrolyte temperature is increased above its melting point while charging and reduced below the melting point for energy storage, such as seasonal energy storage. The electrolyte temperature is increased above the melting point again to discharge the battery.

Rechargeable batteries include a Ni.sub.yFe.sub.1-y cathode where 0≤y≤1, an anode comprising a current collector, a porous separator positioned between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte comprising MAlX.sub.4, wherein M is Na, Li, K, or a combination thereof, and X is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, and wherein the electrolyte is a solid at temperatures less than 50° C. The batteries are temperature activated. The electrolyte temperature is increased above its melting point while charging and reduced below the melting point for energy storage, such as seasonal energy storage. The electrolyte temperature is increased above the melting point again to discharge the battery.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.