The present invention discloses a method for making lead-carbon electrode sheets, lead-carbon electrode sheets and lead-carbon battery. The method consists of steps of oxidizing lead under low-temperature atmosphere and the oxidized lead is used as interface layer of lead-carbon coupling, and using a specialized ventilation method for the carbon to coat the lead. The interface layer of oxidized lead forms a stable interface between the carbon and the lead. Meanwhile, through controlling pressure and temperature, a multi-porous metal composite is formed and the porosity can be penetration paths for air and liquid when the multi-porous metal composite is applied. The lead-carbon composite is applied as a lead-carbon electrode sheet and is further welded as a lead-carbon electrode sheet of a lead-carbon battery. The lead-carbon battery carrying the lead-carbon electrode demonstrates Coulomb efficiency of 100% without heat loss on an unsaturated charge-discharge condition of high-efficiency charging and high-efficiency discharging.

The present invention discloses a method for making lead-carbon electrode sheets, lead-carbon electrode sheets and lead-carbon battery. The method consists of steps of oxidizing lead under low-temperature atmosphere and the oxidized lead is used as interface layer of lead-carbon coupling, and using a specialized ventilation method for the carbon to coat the lead. The interface layer of oxidized lead forms a stable interface between the carbon and the lead. Meanwhile, through controlling pressure and temperature, a multi-porous metal composite is formed and the porosity can be penetration paths for air and liquid when the multi-porous metal composite is applied. The lead-carbon composite is applied as a lead-carbon electrode sheet and is further welded as a lead-carbon electrode sheet of a lead-carbon battery. The lead-carbon battery carrying the lead-carbon electrode demonstrates Coulomb efficiency of 100% without heat loss on an unsaturated charge-discharge condition of high-efficiency charging and high-efficiency discharging.

In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.

In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.

A bipolar storage battery is described in which, even when growth occurs in a positive electrode due to corrosion caused by sulfuric acid contained in an electrolytic solution, the electrolytic solution has difficulty penetrating an interface between the positive electrode and an adhesive and battery performance is hard to decrease. The bipolar storage battery includes a bipolar electrode including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a bipolar plate in which the positive electrode is provided on one surface and the negative electrode is provided on the other surface. The bipolar electrode includes a covering member configured to cover a peripheral part of an opposite surface of the positive electrode in close contact with the peripheral part, the opposite surface being opposite to a surface, of the positive electrode, bonded to the bipolar plate.

A bipolar storage battery is described in which, even when growth occurs in a positive electrode due to corrosion caused by sulfuric acid contained in an electrolytic solution, the electrolytic solution has difficulty penetrating an interface between the positive electrode and an adhesive and battery performance is hard to decrease. The bipolar storage battery includes a bipolar electrode including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a bipolar plate in which the positive electrode is provided on one surface and the negative electrode is provided on the other surface. The bipolar electrode includes a covering member configured to cover a peripheral part of an opposite surface of the positive electrode in close contact with the peripheral part, the opposite surface being opposite to a surface, of the positive electrode, bonded to the bipolar plate.

An exemplary hybrid battery separator is provided with a porous sheet with a folded bottom edge and joined lateral edges that form a pocket. The folded bottom edge may have one or more openings or slits. The hybrid separators of the present disclosure are particularly useful for flat-plate cycling batteries. The separators of the present disclosure may effectively enhance the battery re-chargeability and the backup time. In addition, the separators of the present disclosure may contribute to the reduction of water loss in the battery, lowering the maintenance needs in service. It is expected that batteries having the separators of the present disclosure may be useful in various applications, such as in inverters, golf carts, as well as solar and traction applications.

An exemplary hybrid battery separator is provided with a porous sheet with a folded bottom edge and joined lateral edges that form a pocket. The folded bottom edge may have one or more openings or slits. The hybrid separators of the present disclosure are particularly useful for flat-plate cycling batteries. The separators of the present disclosure may effectively enhance the battery re-chargeability and the backup time. In addition, the separators of the present disclosure may contribute to the reduction of water loss in the battery, lowering the maintenance needs in service. It is expected that batteries having the separators of the present disclosure may be useful in various applications, such as in inverters, golf carts, as well as solar and traction applications.

In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved battery separators, high conductance separators, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, high conductance batteries, improved systems, and/or, improved vehicles including such batteries, and/or methods of manufacture or use of such separators or batteries, and/or combinations thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators and which exhibit increased conductance. Particular, non-limiting examples may include lead acid battery separators having structure or features designed to improve conductance, lower ER, lower water loss, and the like.

In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved battery separators, high conductance separators, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, high conductance batteries, improved systems, and/or, improved vehicles including such batteries, and/or methods of manufacture or use of such separators or batteries, and/or combinations thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators and which exhibit increased conductance. Particular, non-limiting examples may include lead acid battery separators having structure or features designed to improve conductance, lower ER, lower water loss, and the like.